About IDEWe examine one of the most pressing questions of our time: How do we thrive in a period of profound digital transformation?Initiative on the Digital EconomyIDE_7e4bcd24-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea00The MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy (IDE) is a team of visionary, internationally recognized thought leaders and researchers examining how people and businesses work, interact, and will ultimately prosper in a time of rapid digital transformation.MIT Sloan School of ManagementThe IDE is part of the MIT Sloan School of Management. With its core strengths in technology and innovation, no institution is better equipped to examine the digital economy. No other initiative or center in the world is exploring the effects of the digital economy with the same determination, focus, perspective or purpose as the IDE. We are also closely aligned with MIT’s Innovation Initiative, working together to enable inclusive innovation.IDE Leadership TeamThe IDE leadership team brings fresh ideas, cutting-edge research, and boundless energy to the academic and business communities and to public-sector stakeholders.Sinan AralDirector ~ Sinan Aral a global authority on business analytics; award-winning researcher; entrepreneur and venture capitalist. He is the David Austin Professor of Management, Marketing, IT and Data Science at MIT, Director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy (IDE) and a Founding Partner at Manifest Capital. He was the Chief Scientist at SocialAmp, one of the first social commerce analytics companies (until its sale to Merkle in 2012) and at Humin, a social platform that the Wall Street Journal called the first "Social Operating System" (until its sale to Tinder in 2016). He is currently on the Advisory Boards of the Alan Turing Institute, the British National Institute for Data Science in London, the Center for Responsible Media Technology and Innovation in Bergen, Norway and C6 Bank, one of the first all-digital banks of Brazil. Sinan has helped leading Fortune 500 firms, including Facebook, Yahoo!, Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, WeChat, Spotify, AirBnB, Microsoft, Walmart, IBM, Intel, Cisco, Oracle, SAP and The New York Times to realize business value from big data analytics, social media and IT investments. His research has won numerous awards including the Microsoft Faculty Fellowship, the PopTech Science Fellowship, an NSF CAREER Award, a Fulbright Scholarship and the Jamieson Award for Teaching Excellence (MIT Sloan's highest teaching honor). In 2014, he was named one of the "World’s Top 40 Business School Professors Under 40." In 2018, he became the youngest ever recipient of the Herbert Simon Award of Rajk László College in Budapest, Hungary. In the same year, his article on the spread of false news online was published on the cover of Science magazine and became the second most influential scientific publication of the year in any discipline. Sinan's first book, The Hype Machine, which was named a 2020 Best Book on Artificial Intelligence by WIRED, a 2020 Porchlight Best "Big Ideas and New Perspectives" Book Award Winner and among the Best New Technology Books and Best New Economy Books to Read in 2021 by BookAuthority, became an instant classic and a must-read for business leaders at every level of management. A managerial economist and econometrician by training, Sinan's expertise spans social networks, causal inference, the design and analysis of large-scale digital experiments, machine learning, predictive modeling, natural language processing, AI, big data, marketing, IT, social commerce, ecommerce, behavior change and economic productivity. He earned his PhD at MIT and completed his Master's degrees at the London School of Economics and at Harvard.Devin CookAssociate Director ~ Devin Cook is Associate Director at the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy (IDE). Previously, she co-founded and led the IDE's Inclusive Innovation Challenge, a $1.5 million future of work prize for startups. A Fulbright Scholar, she researched entrepreneurship and economic development among textile artisans in India. She has conducted research with MIT innovation and entrepreneurship faculty, worked at multiple start-ups, mentored over 100 start-up founders, and teaches entrepreneurship at accelerators nationwide. Devin is an Advisory Board member of Humans for AI, a Jurist for the INDEX: Award - the world's largest design prize, and a Board Member of Coastal Enterprises, Inc.. She earned a BA from Middlebury College and an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management, where she was awarded the Ronald I. Heller Award for her contribution to entrepreneurship education on campus.Andrew McAfeeCo-Director & Tech for Good Research Group Lead ~ Andrew McAfee is the Co-Director of the IDE and a Principal Research Scientist at the MIT Sloan School of Management. ^^ His research investigates how information technology changes the way companies perform, organize themselves, and compete. At a higher level, his work also focuses on how computerization affects competition, society, the economy, and the workforce. In addition to having numerous papers published, McAfee also writes a widely read blog, which is at times one of the 10,000 most popular in the world. He is the author or co-author of more than 100 articles, case studies and other materials for students and teachers of technology. Prior to joining MIT Sloan, McAfee was a professor at Harvard Business School. He has also served as a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School. McAfee received his doctorate from Harvard Business School, and completed two Master of Science and two Bachelor of Science degrees at MIT. He speaks frequently to both academic and industry audiences, and has taught in executive education programs around the world.David VerrillExecutive Director ~ David Verrill is executive director of the Initiative on the Digital Economy. David has worked and consulted at MIT for more than 30 years. Prior to his work at MIT, he was a research scientist at the Center for Blood Research in Boston. ^^ David has also worked at Xerox Adaptive Products, where he was manager of International Sales and Business Development. He has helped start two companies, including Winchester International Group and the Hub Investment Group, which has invested in more than 50 early stage companies in the New England region - including Zipcar and DraftKings. He sits on the boards of several startups, is Chairman Emeritus of the Angel Capital Association, and is the recipient of the Hans Severiens Award (along with three other distinguished Sloan alumni - Jean Hammond, Brad Feld, and James Geshwiler). ^^ David holds degrees from Bowdoin College and the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he received a master of science in management.IDE Advisory BoardThe IDE Advisory Board includes a diverse set of thought leaders from industry, academia, and the not-for-profit world. As Founders, CEOs, Board Chairs, and Nobel Laureates they provide invaluable insight, advice and guidance for a relevant and impactful Initiative on the Digital Economy.Mitchell BakerChairwoman and Co-Founder, Mozilla ~ Mitchell Baker co-founded the Mozilla Project to support the open, innovative web and ensure it continues offering opportunities for everyone. As Chairwoman of Mozilla, Mitchell Baker is responsible for organizing and motivating a massive, worldwide, collective of employees and volunteers around the world who are building the internet as a global public resource, open and accessible to all. ^^ Mitchell is deeply engaged in developing product offerings that promote the mission of empowering individuals. She also guides the overall scope and direction of Mozilla's mission. Mitchell has written the key documents that set out Mozilla's enduring mission and commitments -- the Mozilla Public license in 1998, the Mozilla Manifesto in 2007 and the Mozilla Manifesto Addendum -- also known as the Pledge for a Healthy Internet -- in 2018. ^^ Mitchell is a strong advocate for the open internet, open source, and the importance of connecting technology to its impact on individuals and society. She is highly regarded as one of the pioneers of the web and bringing the open internet to consumers. Mitchell is an MIT Media Lab Research Affiliate with the Open Agriculture Initiative. She co-chaired the U.S. Department of Commerce Digital Economy Board of Advisors from its inception in March 2016 until August 2017, served on the United Nations High Level Panel on Women’s Economic Empowerment, and the ICANN High Level Panel on Global Internet Cooperation and Governance Mechanisms.Carl BassSpecial Advisor, Autodesk ~ Mr. Carl Bass has been Special Advisor at Autodesk, Inc. since February 8, 2017. Mr. Bass served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Autodesk Limited. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Autodesk, Inc. from May 01, 2006 to February 08, 2017 and served as its Interim Chief Financial Officer from August 14, 2008 to April 26, 2009 and again from August 2014 to November 1, 2014. He served as the Principal Accounting Officer of Autodesk, Inc. from August 14, 2008 to April 26, 2009. He served as the Chief Strategy Officer of Autodesk, Inc. from August 2001 to February 2002. ^^ He served as Senior Executive Vice President of Design Solutions Group from February 2002 to June 2004 and served as its Executive Vice President from August 2001 to February 2002. He served as the Chief Operating Officer of Autodesk, Inc. from June 2004 to April 2006 and served as its Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President of Product Development. He held a series of executive positions during his 24 year tenure at Autodesk, including 11 years as Chief Executive Officer. He served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of Buzzsaw.com, Inc. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of LocationLogic LLC. He co-founded Ithaca Software, which was acquired by Autodesk in 1993. He served as tzhe Chief Executive Officer of Ithaca Software. He is a Leader in 3D design, engineering and entertainment software. He has deep experience in building and leading a multi-product company with billions in revenue that serves both enterprises and small organizations. He has been an Independent Director at Formlabs Inc. since July 13, 2017 and Zoox Inc. since October 2017. He has been a Director of iRise, Inc. since May 2007, Autodesk, Inc. since January 17, 2006, iRise, Inc. since May 2007 and Zendesk, Inc. since February 09, 2016. ^^ He serves as a Director of Humin, Inc., Planet, Autodesk Limited and Quirky. He serves as a Member of Advisory Board of Impact Venture Partners and Udacity, Inc. He has been a Member of Advisory Board at Panzura, Inc. since December 2, 2013. He served as a Director of E2open, Inc. from August 1, 2011 to March 26, 2015. He served as Director of McAfee LLC from January 28, 2008 to February 2011. He served as an Independent Director of HP Inc. from 2015 to September 26, 2017. He served as a Director of Serena Software, Inc. since January 27, 2004 and Intel Security Inc. since January 28, 2008. He serves as on the Board of Trustees of the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, Art Center College of Design and California College of the Arts. He serves as on the Advisory Boards of Cornell Computing and Information Science, UC Berkeley School of Information and UC Berkeley College of Engineering. Mr. Bass holds a Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from Cornell University.Marc BenioffFounder, Chairman, and CEO of Salesforce.com ~ Mr. Marc R. Benioff Co-founded Salesforce.com, Inc. in February 1999 and has been its Chief Executive Officer since November 2001. Mr. Benioff serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors for salesforce.com Singapore Pte. Ltd. He is a 35-year veteran of the software industry. Prior to launching Salesforce, he served at Oracle Corporation from 1986 to 1999. He serves as a General Advisor of Keas Inc. He served as a Senior Vice President of Oracle Corporation, where he held a number of positions in sales, marketing and product development. He was employed at Nextera Enterprises Inc. ^^ He founded his first company, Liberty Software, which created video games. He also worked as an assembly language programmer in Apple Computer’s Macintosh Division during his college years. He serves as a Member of Executive Council at TechNet. Mr. Benioff served as a Director of Cisco Systems, Inc. since August 1, 2012. He served as a Director at GrandCentral Communications, Inc. He has evangelized a new model of integrated corporate philanthropy. He has been the Chairman of the Board of salesforce.com, Inc. since February 1999. He has been the Chairman at salesforce.com/foundation since February 1999. He has been a Director of salesforce.com, Inc. since February 1999. He has been a Director of DW Data, Inc. since August 1999. He serves as a Director of Notifi.com, Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy and Yield Dynamics. He served as a Director of Cloudwords, Inc. until February 21, 2017. Mr. Benioff served as a Member of Advisory Board at MetaMind Inc. He served as a Member of Board of Advisors of TIBCO Loyalty Lab. He serves as a Trustee of University of Southern California. In 2000, he launched the Salesforce Foundation and established the “1-1-1 model,” whereby Salesforce contributes one percent of product, one percent of equity and one percent of employee hours back to the communities it serves globally. He served as Co-Chairman of President of the United States’ Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) from 2003 to 2005. Mr. Benioff was named Businessperson of the Year by Fortune readers, one of the Best CEOs in the World by Barron’s and received The Economist's Innovation Award. He is the author of three books, including the national best-seller, Behind the Cloud. Mr. Benioff received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in 1986 and an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters in 2014 from the University of Southern California.Mary Callahan ErdoesCEO of Asset and Wealth Management at J.P. Morgan. ~ Mary Callahan Erdoes is Chief Executive Officer of J.P. Morgan's Asset & Wealth Management division, a global leader in investment management and private banking with $2.8 trillion in client assets. She is also a member of JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s Operating Committee. ^^ Ms. Erdoes joined J.P. Morgan in 1996 from Meredith, Martin & Kaye, a fixed income specialty advisory firm. Previously, she worked at Bankers Trust in corporate finance, merchant banking and high yield debt underwriting. ^^ She is a board member of Robin Hood, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF and the U.S.-China Business Council. She also serves on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Investor Advisory Committee on Financial Markets. ^^ Ms. Erdoes is a graduate of Georgetown University (B.S., Mathematics) and Harvard Business School (M.B.A.). She lives in New York City with her husband and three daughters.Reid HoffmanExecutive Chairman and Co-founder of LinkedIn Corporation ~ Reid Hoffman has been called “the most connected man in Silicon Valley,” the "über-investor" who "has had a hand in creating nearly every lucrative social media start-up." As entrepreneur, executive and investor, he has played an integral part in building LinkedIn, PayPal, Facebook and many others. ^^ A former Marshall Scholar with degrees in symbolic systems from Stanford and philosophy from Oxford, he pioneered the social network concept as a project manager of eWorld at Apple. He founded SocialNet, one of the first online networks. As a founding director, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the online payment processing business PayPal, he was responsible for forging its partnerships with Intuit, Visa, MasterCard and Wells Fargo, and facilitated its $1.5 billion acquisition by eBay. ^^ In 2002, he started LinkedIn in his living room. Following its 2011 IPO, his stake in the company was worth an estimated $2.34 billion. Today, LinkedIn is the world's largest professional networking service, with more than 300 million members in 200 countries around the world. As an investor, he participated in the first round of financing for Facebook and led Greylock Partners’ investments in Groupon and Airbnb, among others. He has shared his insights on the new world of work in his book The Start-Up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career.James ManyikaChair and Director of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) ~ James Manyika is a senior partner at McKinsey & Company and chair and director of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the firm's business and economics research arm. James also serves as a member of McKinsey's Shareholder Council (its Board of Directors). ^^ James is one of the leaders of McKinsey’s Global Technology, Media, and Telecom Practice. Based in Silicon Valley for over 20 years, he has worked with the chief executives and founders of many of the world's leading technology companies on a variety of issues, including strategy and business transformation and the launch of several market-shaping innovations, products, and services. He also works with chief executives in other sectors on opportunities from technology and other global trends. ^^ At MGI, James has led research on technology and its impact, the digital economy, future of work, as well as growth, productivity, and competitiveness. He has published a book on AI and robotics as well as numerous articles and reports that have appeared in business media and academic journals, and recently a co-authored the book, No Ordinary Disruption. James is a frequent speaker at business and policy-maker forums globally and routinely collaborates with Silicon Valley leaders and leading economists and policy makers around the world on initiatives and commissions related to inclusive growth, opportunities from technology, and its impact. ^^ James was appointed by President Obama as vice chair of the Global Development Council at the White House (2012-16) and by the Commerce Secretary to the US Commerce Department’s Digital Economy Board of Advisors (2016); he was also appointed to the National Innovation Advisory Board (2010) as part of the America Competes Act. James serves on the boards of the Council on Foreign Relations, Aspen Institute, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Markle Foundation, and XPrize. ^^ He also serves on various academic advisory boards, including the Oxford Internet Institute, MIT’s Initiative on the Digital Economy, UC Berkeley's School of Information, Harvard's Hutchins Center, and the WEB Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research. James is a member of the standing committee for the Stanford-based 100 Year Study on Artificial Intelligence, a fellow at DeepMind, a non-resident senior fellow of the Brookings Institution in Economic Studies, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. ^^ James was on the engineering faculty at Oxford University and a member of the Programming Research Group and the Robotics Research Lab, a fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, a visiting scientist at NASA Jet Propulsion Labs, and a faculty exchange fellow at MIT. A Rhodes Scholar, James received his DPhil. MSc. MA. From Oxford in Robotics, Mathematics, and Computer Science, BSc in electrical engineering from University of Zimbabwe as an Anglo-American Scholar.Marissa MayerCo-Founder, Lumi LabsEric SchmidtTechnical Advisor, Alphabet, Inc. ~ After 17 years, Eric Schmidt stepped down in Jan. 2018 as executive chairman of Google's parent company, Alphabet; he will now be a technical advisor. Shortly after stepping down, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced that Schmidt would be joining as a visiting innovation fellow. Schmidt was Google’s CEO from 2001 to 2011; prior to that he had stints as CEO of Novell and chief technology officer at Sun Microsystems. ^^ Schmidt grew up in Blacksburg, Virginia, where his father was a professor of economics at Virginia Tech. He entered Princeton University as an architecture student but changed his major to electrical engineering before graduating in 1976. He then studied computer science (M.S., 1979; Ph.D., 1982) at the University of California, Berkeley. ^^ From 1979 to 1983 Schmidt worked for the Xerox Corporation at its Xerox PARC installation in Palo Alto, California. He became a software manager at Sun Microsystems in 1983, only one year after the founding of the company. In 1985 he was promoted to vice president of Sun’s software products division, and in 1988 he became vice president of the Sun general systems group. In 1991 Sun Microsystems was reorganized, and Schmidt was made president of one of its offshoots, Sun Technology Enterprises. In 1994 he returned to Sun Microsystems as chief technology officer. At Sun he was involved in the development of the Java programming language, and he enthusiastically promoted its use in his capacity as a company executive. In 1997 Schmidt left Sun to become chairman and CEO of Novell, Inc.Robert SolowMIT Professor of Economics and Nobel Laureate ~ Robert M. Solow, is an American economist who was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his important contributions to theories of economic growth. ^^ Solow received a B.A. (1947), an M.A. (1949), and a Ph.D. (1951) from Harvard University. He began teaching economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1949, becoming professor of economics there in 1958 and professor emeritus in 1995. He also served on the Council of Economic Advisers in 1961-62 and was a consultant to that body from 1962 to 1968. ^^ In the 1950s Solow developed a mathematical model illustrating how various factors can contribute to sustained national economic growth. Contrary to traditional economic thinking, he showed that advances in the rate of technological progress do more to boost economic growth than do capital accumulation and labour increases. ^^ In his 1957 article "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function," Solow observed that about half of economic growth cannot be accounted for by increases in capital and labour. He attributed this unaccounted-for portion -- now called the "Solow residual" -- to technological innovation. From the 1960s on, Solow's studies helped persuade governments to channel their funds into technological research and development to spur economic growth. A Keynesian, Solow was a witty critic of economists ranging from interventionists such as John Kenneth Galbraith to free marketers such as Milton Friedman. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1999.Mike SpenceNYU Professor of Economics and Nobel Laureate ~ A. Michael Spence is an American economist who, with George A. Akerlof and Joseph E. Stiglitz, won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2001 for laying the foundations for the theory of markets with asymmetric information. ^^ Spence studied at Yale University (B.A., 1966), the University of Oxford (B.A., M.A., 1968), and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1972). He taught at Harvard and at Stanford University, serving as dean of the latter's business school from 1990 to 1999. In 2010 he became a professor at New York University's Leonard N. Stern School of Business. ^^ Through his research on markets with asymmetric information, Spence developed the theory of "signaling" to show how better-informed individuals in the market communicate their information to the less-well-informed to avoid the problems associated with adverse selection. In his 1973 seminal paper Job Market Signaling, Spence demonstrated how a college degree signals a job seeker’s intelligence and ability to a prospective employer. Other examples of signaling included corporations giving large dividends to demonstrate profitability and manufacturers issuing guarantees to convey the high quality of a product.IDE Digital FellowsDigital Fellows are members of our broader ecosystem of leaders from academia, industry, public policy and the press. They provide generous time, sage advice, feedback and critique, insight and direction.Tim AeppelResearch AffiliateMarshall Van AlstyneDigital FellowAllan AlterResearch AffiliateSagit Bar-GillResearch AffiliateMatt BeaneDigital FellowThomas DavenportVisiting ScholarAlan DavidsonResearch AffiliateParamveer DhillonDigital FellowAndrey FradkinDigital FellowJoshua GansVisiting ScholarShane GreensteinResearch AffiliateLorin HittProfessorDavid HoltzResearch AffiliateJohn IronsDigital FellowWang JinResearch ScientistTod LoofbourrowVisiting ScholarChristos MakridisDigital FellowKristina McElheranVisiting ScholarGeoff ParkerVisiting Scholar Claudia PerlichData Scientist at Two SigmaMaria RessaCEO, RapplerMichael SchrageVisiting ScholarSebastian SteffenDigital FellowSonny TambeProfessor at NYU Stern SchoolIrving Wladawsky-BergerResearch AffiliateLynn WuResearch AffiliateJeremy YangDigital FellowYuan YuanDigital FellowIDE Research TeamNur AhmedPost-Doctoral AssociateJennifer AllenPhD CandidateYannis BakosResearch AffiliateSarah BanaPostdoctoral AssociateSagit Bar-GillResearch AffiliateSeth BenzellDigital FellowMuqbil BurhanVisiting ScholarSukwoong ChoiPost-Doctoral AssociateAvinash CollisDigital FellowParamveer DhillonDigital FellowMorgan FrankRecent Postdoctoral AssociateEmma van InwegenPhD StudentWang JinResearch ScientistHarang JuPost-Doctoral AssociatePaula KleinContributing Writer and Editorial Content ManagerWensu LiPost-Doctoral AssociateRebecca Wenjing LyuPostdoctoral FellowAlex MoehringPhD CandidateZanele MunyikwaPhD CandidateChristos NicolaidesResearch AffiliateGeorgios PetropoulosResearch AssociateDavid RandMisinformation & Fake News Research Group LeadDaniel RockRecent Post-Doctoral AssociateJonathan RuaneResearch ScientistTara SowrirajanPhD CandidateNeil ThompsonResearch ScientistEhsan ValaviPost-Doctoral AssociateErez YoeliResearch ScientistYuan YuanDigital FellowMichael ZhaoPhD CandidatePeople thrive_7e4bcee6-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea00To investigate how people can thrive in a period of profound digital transformation_7e4bd0bc-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea00TechnologyTechnology advances quickly, yet organizations and skills tend to move at a slower pace.SkillsHuman DevelopmentIn the coming decades, the divide between swiftly evolving technology and the slower pace of human development will grow wider as exponential improvements in artificial intelligence, robotics, networks, analytics, and digitization affect more and more of the economy and society.ProsperityOrganizations & InstitutionsInvent effective organizations and institutions suited for the digital economy_7e4bd314-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea00OrganizationsInstitutionsCompaniesOur research helps companies adapt to new ways of doing business in the digital economy.Nongovernmental OrganizationsIt helps NGOs and other organizations understand how the digital transformation is affecting society and everyday life.PeopleAnd it helps people become more productive and thrive in a time of great and uncertain change.Inventing effective organizations and institutions suited for the digital economy is the grand challenge of our time, and for MIT in particular... ^^ The IDE conducts four types of activities focused on the digital economy:ResearchConduct groundbreaking research performed by world-class thought leaders, and in collaboration with our stakeholders._7e4bd4d6-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea001ConveningsHost conferences, roundtables, Jeffersonian dinners, and other events throughout the year that assemble thought leaders to discuss, debate, and take informed action on issues related to the digital economy._7e4bd698-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea002EducationOffer two distinct learning opportunities ~ an Action Learning course on analytics (A-Lab) for MIT graduate students and digitally delivered Executive Education programs._7e4bd864-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea003FellowshipsInvite bright minds to spend a day, a week, a semester, or a year with our research teams to collaborate on research, publications, and events._7e4bd9fe-3a10-11ee-b18c-80e2fe82ea0042023-08-13https://ide.mit.edu/about-us/OwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net