About the Internet ArchiveFounded in 1996 and located in San Francisco, the Archive has been receiving data donations from Alexa Internet and others. In late 1999, the organization started to grow to include more well-rounded collections. Now the Internet Archive includes: texts, audio, moving images, and software as well as archived web pages in our collections, and provides specialized services for adaptive reading and information access for the blind and other persons with disabilities. Internet ArchiveIA_bc8cf0bd-cbc6-11e3-98cd-54100300734bThe Internet Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that was founded to build an Internet library. Its purposes include offering permanent access for researchers, historians, scholars, people with disabilities, and the general public to historical collections that exist in digital format.Alexa InternetAlexa Internet has catalogued Web sites and provides this information in a free service. www.alexa.comAmerican Library AssociationThe American Library Association is a major trade association of American libraries. www.ala.org Australian National LibraryThe Australian National Library collects material including organizational Web sites. pandora.nla.gov.au/documents.htmlCouncil on Library and Information ResourcesThe Council on Library and Information Resources works to ensure the well-being of the scholarly communication system. www.clir.org See its publication Why Digitize? at www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub80-smith/pub80.htmlDigital Library ForumThe Digital Library Forum (D-Lib) publishes an online magazine and other resources for building digital libraries. www.dlib.orgI. Trotter HardyAttorney I. Trotter Hardy explains copyright law and examines its implications for digital materials in his paper Internet Archives and Copyright. copyright_TH.phpInternet Public LibraryThe Internet Public Library site has many links to online resources for the general public. www.ipl.orgBrewster KahleBrewster Kahle is a founder of WAIS Inc. and Alexa Internet and chairman of the board of the Internet Archive. See his paper The Ethics of Digital Librarianship at ethics_BK.phpMichael LeskMichael Lesk of the National Science Foundation has written extensively on digital archiving and digital libraries. www.purl.net/NET/leskLibrary of CongressThe Library of Congress is the national library of the United States. www.loc.govMuseum Digital LibraryThe Museum Digital Library plans to help digitize collections and provide access to them. www.digitalmuseums.orgNational Archives and Records AdministrationThe National Archives and Records Administration oversees the management of all US federal records. It also archives federal Web sites including the Clinton White House site. www.nara.govNational Science FoundationThe National Science Foundation Digital Library Program has funded academic research on digital libraries. www.nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/dli/start.htmNational Technical Information ServiceNational Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration. NTIS is an archive and distributor of scientific, technical, engineering and business related information developed by and for the federal government. www.ntis.govNetwork WizardsNetwork Wizards has been tracking Internet growth for many years. www.nw.comProject GutenbergProject Gutenberg is making ASCII versions of classic literature openly available. www.gutenberg.orgRadio and Television ArchiveThe Radio and Television Archive has many links to related resources. www.rtvf.unt.edu/links/histsites.htmRevival of the Library of AlexandriaRevival of the Library of Alexandria is a project to revive the ancient library in Egypt. www.bibalex.orgSociety of American ArchivistsThe Society of American Archivists is a professional association focused on ensuring the identification, preservation, and use of records of historical value. www.archivists.orgRoyal Institute of Technology LibraryThe Royal Institute of Technology Library in Sweden is creating a system of quality-assessed information resources on the Internet for academic use. www.lib.kth.se/main/engGovernment Printing OfficeThe United States Government Printing Office produces and distributes information published by the US government. www.access.gpo.govUniversity of VirginiaThe University of Virginia is building a catalog of digital library activities. http://www.lib.virginia.edu/digital/Association for Computing MachineryThe Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) computing and public policy page includes papers and news on pending legislation on issues including universal access, copyright and intellectual property, free speech and the Internet, and privacy. www.acm.org/serving | www.acm.org/usacm/copyright | www.acm.org/usacm/speech | www.acm.org/usacm/privacyCarnegie Mellon UniversityThe Carnegie Mellon University Informedia Digital Video Library Project is studying how multimedia digital libraries can be established and used. www.informedia.cs.cmu.eduIntermemory ProjectThe Intermemory Project aims to develop highly survivable and available storage systems. www.intermemory.orgNational Film Preservation BoardThe National Film Preservation Board, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, works with the Library of Congress to study and implement plans for film and television preservation. The site's research page includes links to the board's 1993 film preservation study, a 1994 film preservation plan, and a 1997 television and video study. All the documents warn of the dire state of film and television preservation in the United States. lcweb.loc.gov/film/filmpres.htmlNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) posts IEC International Standard names and symbols for prefixes for binary multiples for use in data processing and data transmission. www.physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.htmlText Retrieval ConferenceThe Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) encourages research in information retrieval from large text collections. trec.nist.govAtlas of CyberspacesAn Atlas of Cyberspaces has maps and dynamic tools for visualizing Web browsing. www.cybergeography.com/atlas/surf.html Internet Mapping ProjectThe Internet Mapping Project is a long-term project by a scientist at Bell Labs to collect routing data on the Internet. www.cs.bell-labs.com/who/ches/mapMatrix Information Directory ServiceThe Matrix Information Directory Service has good maps and visualizations of the networked world. www.mids.orgPeacock MapsPeacock Maps has maps of Internet connectivity. www.peacockmaps.comWebReferenceWebReference has an Internet statistics page (publisher: Internet.com). webreference.com/internet/statistics.html Tom W. BellTom W. Bell teaches intellectual property and Internet law at Chapman University School of Law. www.tomwbell.com His site includes a graph showing the trend of the maximum US copyright term at www.tomwbell.com/writings/(C)_Term.htmlCornell UniversityCornell University posts the text of copyright law at www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/unframed/17/107.html www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/unframed/17/108.htmlDigital Future CoalitionThe Digital Future Coalition is a nonprofit working on the issues of copyright in the digital age.National Academy PressThe National Academy Press is the publishing arm of the national academies. "The Digital Dilemma: Intellectual Property in the Information Age" http://www.nap.edu/html/digital_dilemma/ "LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress" www.nap.edu/books/0309071445/htmlPamela SamuelsonPamela Samuelson is a professor in the School of Information Management and Systems at UC Berkeley. info.berkeley.edu/~pamUS Government Copyright Officewww.loc.gov/copyrightBenton FoundationThe Benton Foundation Communications Policy and Practice Program has the goal of infusing the emerging communications environment with public-interest values. www.benton.org/cpphome.htmlCenter for Democracy and TechnologyThe Center for Democracy and Technology works to promote democratic values and constitutional liberties in the digital age. www.cdt.orgComputers Freedom and Privacy ConferenceThe Computers Freedom and Privacy Conference has a site containing information on each annual conference held since 1991. www.cfp.orgElectronic Frontier FoundationThe Electronic Frontier Foundation works to protect fundamental civil liberties, including privacy and freedom of expression in the arena of computers and the Internet. www.eff.orgElectronic Privacy Information CenterThe Electronic Privacy Information Center, a project of the Fund for Constitutional Government, is a public-interest research center whose goal is to focus public attention on emerging civil liberties issues and to protect privacy, the First Amendment, and constitutional values. www.epic.orgFree Expression Policy ProjectThe Free Expression Policy Project is a think tank on artistic and intellectual freedom at NYU's Brennan Center for Justice. Through policy research and advocacy, they explore freedom of expression issues including censorship, copyright law, media localism, and corporate media reform. www.fepproject.orgInternet Free Expression AllianceThe Internet Free Expression Alliance is an information and advocacy organization focused on free speech as it relates to the Internet. www.ifea.netInternet Privacy CoalitionThe Internet Privacy Coalition aims to protect privacy on the Internet by promoting the widespread availability of strong encryption and the relaxation of export controls on cryptography. www.privacy.org/ipcPrivacy InternationalPrivacy International is a London-based human rights group formed as a watchdog on surveillance by governments and corporations. www.privacy.org/pi The Privacy Page includes news, alerts, and links to privacy-related resources. Related organizations include the Electronic Privacy Information Center, the Internet Privacy Coalition, and Privacy International. www.privacy.org_bc8cf0be-cbc6-11e3-98cd-54100300734bTo build an Internet library_bc8cf0bf-cbc6-11e3-98cd-54100300734bArtifactsFrom ephemera to artifact: Internet libraries can change the content of the Internet from ephemera to enduring artifacts of our political and cultural lives. "I believe historians need every possible piece of paper and archived byte of digital data they can muster. The Smithsonian Institution sees the value, and has affiliated with the Archive to preserve the 1996 campaign Web sites, official and unofficial." ~ Dan Gillmor, computing editor, San Jose Mercury News, 1 September 1996 Right to KnowProtecting our right to know: Most states have pre-Internet sunshine laws that require public access to government documents. Yet while the Internet has generally increased public access to information, states have just begun to amend those laws to reflect today's Internet environment. According to Bill Chamberlin, director of the Marion Brechner Citizen Access Project at the University of Florida's College of Journalism and Communications, such laws are being enacted "piecemeal, one state at a time," and cover information that varies widely in nature - everything from "all public records" to specialized information such as education reports and the licensing status of medical practitioners. In the meantime, while public officials are posting more information on the Internet than their state legislatures require, there's little regulatory control over exactly what is posted, when it's taken off, or how often it's updated. This leaves a gap that online libraries can help to fill.Right to RememberExercising our "right to remember": Without paper libraries, it would be hard to exercise our "right to remember" our political history or hold government accountable. With much of the public's business now moving from paper to digital media, Internet libraries are certain to become essential in maintaining that right. Imagine, for instance, how news coverage of an election campaign might suffer if journalists had only limited access to previous statements that candidates had made in the media. "The Internet Archive is a service so essential that its founding is bound to be looked back on with the fondness and respect that people now have for the public libraries seeded by Andrew Carnegie a century ago.... Digitized information, especially on the Internet, has such rapid turnover these days that total loss is the norm. Civilization is developing severe amnesia as a result; indeed it may have become too amnesiac already to notice the problem properly. The Internet Archive is the beginning of a cure - the beginning of complete, detailed, accessible, searchable memory for society, and not just scholars this time, but everyone." National HeritageEstablishing Internet centers internationally: What is a country without a memory of its cultural heritage? Internet libraries are the place to preserve the aspect of a country's heritage that exists on the Internet.LanguageTracing the way our language changes: During the late 19th century, James Murray, a professor at Oxford University, built the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary by sending copies of selected books to "men of letters" who volunteered to search them for the first occurrences of words and to trace the migration of their various meanings. Internet libraries could allow linguists to automate much of this extremely labor-intensive process.EvolutionTracking the Web's evolution: Historians, sociologists, and journalists could use Internet libraries to hold up a mirror to society. For example, they might ask when different ethnic groups or special interests or certain businesses became a presence on the Internet. "We don't know where this Internet is going, and once we get there it will be very instructive to look back." ~ Donald Heath, president of the Internet Society in Reston, Virginia Live LinksReviving dead links: A few services - such as UC Berkeley's Digital Library Project, the Online Computer Library Center, and Alexa Internet are starting to offer access to archived versions of Web pages when those pages have been removed from the Web. This means that if you get a "404 - Page Not Found" error, you'll still be able to find a version of the page.Economic UnderstandingUnderstanding the economy: Economists could use Archive data such as link structures - what and how many links a site contains - to investigate how the Web affects commerce.Self AwarenessFinding out what the Web tells us about ourselves: Researchers could use data on links and traffic to better understand human behavior and communication. "Researchers could use the Archive's Web snapshots in combination with usage statistics to compare how people in different countries use the Web over long periods of time.... Political scientists and sociologists could use the data to study how public opinion gets formed. For example, suppose a device for increasing privacy became available: Would it change usage patterns?" ~ Bernardo Huberman, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center "The Internet Archive has created a kind of test tube that allows a broad range of researchers to analyze the Web in ways that have never been possible before. What makes this type of research unique is that it often requires the fusion of traditional tools and techniques with new methods, and it results in the development of new theories, techniques, and metrics." ~ James Pitkow, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Historical ContextLooking back: With a "way-back machine" - a device that displayed the Web as it looked on a given date - historians and others would literally have a window on the past.Historical CollectionsOffer permanent access to historical collections that exist in digital format._bc8cf0c0-cbc6-11e3-98cd-54100300734bResearchersHistorians Scholars People with Disabilities The General Public_bc8cf0c1-cbc6-11e3-98cd-54100300734b2014-04-24https://archive.org/about/OwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net