http://www.xml.gov/stratml/drybridge/FEATRM.xmlTechnical Reference ModelThe TRM is a component-driven, technical framework categorizing the standards and technologies to support and enable the delivery of Service Components and capabilities. It also unifies existing agency TRMs and E-Gov guidance by providing a foundation to advance the reuse and standardization of technology and Service Components from a government-wide perspective. Aligning agency capital investments to the TRM leverages a common, standardized vocabulary, allowing interagency discovery, collaboration, and interoperability. Agencies and the federal government will benefit from economies of scale by identifying and reusing the best solutions and technologies to support their business functions, mission, and target architecture. The TRM structure is: 1. Service Area, 2. Service Category, 3. Service StandardFederal Enterprise Architecture Program Management OfficeFEA PMO_4549fe46-21ad-4937-890a-25035a74a7e0_ce0a1bee-b56d-11df-9d3b-81797a64ea2aThe Technical Reference Model (TRM) provides a foundation to categorize the standards, specifications, and technologies to support the construction, delivery, and exchange of business and application components (Service Components) that may be used and leveraged in a Component-Based or Service-Oriented Architecture. The TRM unifies existing Agency TRMs and E-Gov guidance by providing a foundation to advance the re-use of technology and component services from a government-wide perspective._3573bd40-ff42-4534-be5c-173141bd1ca8Collaboration Communications[Provide for the] electronic exchange of messages, documents, or other information_b8589983-ae0e-4939-9444-3d323f70ec44Access Channels 1Define the forms of electronic exchange of messages, documents, or other information. Electronic communication provides efficiency through expedited time-of-delivery.E-mailElectronic mail_c46b9847-4644-4247-b959-507d0b6cdf4aAccess Channels 1.1Email (Electronic mail) is the exchange of computer generated and stored messages by telecommunication. An email can be created manually via messaging applications or dynamically/programmatically such as automated response systems.FaxFacsimile_d0c9875c-0018-4b87-9d24-5cd396533c82Access Channels 1.2A fax is the digitized image of text and/or pictures, represented as a series of dots (bit map). Faxes are sent and received through telecommunication channels such as telephone or Internet.KioskKiosk_cf58c6e1-78e5-493d-949a-57d6494c7a97Access Channels 1.3A kiosk is a small physical structure (often including a computer and a display screen) that displays information for people walking by. Kiosks are common in public buildings. Kiosks are also used at trade shows and professional conferences.Other Electronic ChannelsOther various mediums of information exchange and interface between a user and an application_da7e4891-ee20-4c41-8e73-62432b48bfc0Access Channels 2Define the other various mediums of information exchange and interface between a user and an application.System to System_a5e2f1c8-a924-4929-88d1-aa06e226686fAccess Channels 2.1System to System involves at least two computers that exchange data or interact with each other independent of human intervention or participation.Web ServiceServices that are made available from a business's web server for webusers or other web-connected programs_e257f9fd-9354-4d50-bf5d-6db8ca79f7a5Access Channels 2.2Web services (sometimes called application services) are services (usually including some combination of programming and data, but possibly including human resources as well) that are made available from a business's web server for webusers or other web-connected programs.Uniform Resource Locator (URL)The global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web_f6e04adc-09cb-40bc-a2f1-14a383353809Access Channels 2.3URL is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol touse (i.e. “http://”), and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain namewhere the resource is located (i.e. “www.firstgov.gov”).Web BrowserServe as your front end to the World Wide Web on the Internet_26105dcc-33fc-4581-bbf6-9f88b2e10a47Access Channels 3Define the program that serves as your front end to the World Wide Web on the Internet. In order to view a site, you type its address (URL) into the browser’s location field.Internet ExplorerMicrosoft Internet Explorer (MSIE)_28b9ad4c-bcd4-4581-a9e9-8531c088b61bAccess Channels 3.1Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE) is the most widely used WorldWide Web browser.CommunicatorNetscape Communicator_2e9825e1-4c6c-4d8a-ab61-d605fa8bb256Access Channels 3.2Netscape is the second most widely used World Wide Web browser.Wireless / PDATransmission via the airwaves_c3479610-d3f8-437b-8b51-4444e2e2a200Access Channels 4Technology that uses transmission via the airwaves. A Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer that serves as an organizer for personal information. It generally includes at least a name and address database, to-do list and note taker.Palm Operating SystemPalm Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)._d1733421-629b-4e43-a03c-4062248a61fbAccess Channels 4.1Palm is the leading Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Version 5 of Palm OS provides multitasking and other capabilities that will provide an improved platform for E-Gov solutions.BlackberryBlackberry email-enabled wireless device_003d055d-1d67-414c-8406-be6d5f6002b3Access Channels 4.2The leading email-enabled wireless device with wide use in several agencies.Pocket PC Phone EditionPocket PC Phone Edition_66aa491d-5aea-4587-87fb-7a59d3a7cdc1Access Channels 4.3Microsoft’s environment for Internet-capable cellular phones.Pocket PC 2000Pocket PC 2000_c1ae767c-311f-45cd-8a24-4fb57631da31Access Channels 4.4Microsoft’s environment for PDA level devices.Symbian EpocSymbian Epoc_915b0df1-a113-4777-a2ff-4438cb9399d3Access Channels 4.5A leading environment for web capable cellular phones.ExtranetA private network that uses the Internet protocol and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses_7002e637-2086-4827-8598-4717cabab99bDelivery Channels 1An extranet is a private network that uses the Internet protocol and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company.None specified_a0e3bbcb-c664-45d9-9305-c4a4694f2d7aDelivery Channels 1.1InternetA worldwide system of computer networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer_3c1a0781-2e21-4129-9fde-a7c0441dd701Delivery Channels 2The internet is a worldwide system of computer networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer.None specified_bad066a0-57a6-49d5-b715-d9f2c453ce5bDelivery Channels 2.1IntranetA private network that is contained within an enterprise_d1c23e9a-fb66-49f4-be47-c72d188eadf5Delivery Channels 3An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many inter-linked local area networks and is used to share company information and resources among employees.None specified_f790b580-07d8-43f7-8b98-15a8dd2395cdDelivery Channels 3.1Peer to Peer (P2P)Applications that operate outside the DNS system and have significant or total autonomy from central servers, that take advantage of resources available on the Internet_08e2b831-9ab2-4fd6-bc04-7f18313a5d31Delivery Channels 4Peer to Peer is a class of applications, that operate outside the DNS system and have significant or total autonomy from central servers, that take advantage of resources available on the Internet.None specified_29af20ba-487e-4059-8e64-8899b2c68b97Delivery Channels 4.1Virtual Private Network (VPN)A Private Data Network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures_8fa0109e-8242-4c80-b703-6ec74cda8891Delivery Channels 5A Private Data Network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures.None specified_28473a6f-efc0-40b0-95c6-b496ca162de9Delivery Channels 5.1Authentication / Single Sign-on (SSO)Provide users with the ability to log-in one time, getting authenticated access to all their applications and resources_547a7642-8fd5-4b08-8c7a-f8641ae15aeaService Requirements 1Refers a method that provides users with the ability to log-in one time, getting authenticated access to all their applications and resources.None specified_622c3133-3e55-4660-ad48-46a5b1df5e9bService Requirements 1.1HostingManage and provide availability to a web site or application_e853824a-6c9b-441f-ba5b-dd27959f2ec9Service Requirements 2Refers to the service provider who manages and provides availability to a web site or application, often bound to a Service Level Agreement (SLA). The Hosting entity generally maintains a server farm with network support, power backup, fault tolerance, load-balancing, and storage backup.Internal (within agency)Host a web site or application within an agency_916f7c4c-dcad-497e-9e90-f016bf4c0d94Service Requirements 2.1The hosting of a web site or application within an agency. The agency is responsible for the maintenance, support and availability of the web site or application.External (ISP/ASP/FirstGov) Outsource a web site or application with a managed service provider_00f29f86-04cc-4d49-9f15-5419f8436b68Service Requirements 2.2The outsourcing of a web site or application with amanaged service provider. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides telecommunications circuits, server collocation, and web site and application hosting. An Application Service Provider (ASP) offers software-based services for high end business applications and specific needs applications such as payroll, sales force automation, and human resources. FirstGov is the official managed service provider for the federal government. [Editorial note: FirstGov is now USA.gov]Legislative / ComplianceThe pre-requisites that an application, system or service must have mandated by congress or governing bodies_4ceb2a93-dbfc-419d-929b-1151333c004cService Requirements 3Defines the pre-requisites that an application, system or service must have mandated by congress or governing bodies.Section 508[Make] electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the publi._712be42e-c930-4b13-8463-935444e455c1Service Requirements 3.1Section 508 requires that federal agencies' electronic and information technology is accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the public.Web Content Accessibility[Implement] hardware and software that helps people who are physically or visually impaired_8f08bbb0-bf29-48e4-ac10-fbf5f40118daService Requirements 3.2Web Content Accessibility refers to hardware and software that helps people who are physically or visually impaired.SecurityProtect data against unauthorized access, use,disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction_14228d1c-d794-4c84-8d84-54b996cc53d3Service Requirements 3.3Policy and procedures that protect data against unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.Privacy - P3PAllow users' web browsers to automatically understand web sites' privacy practices_ec1c7bdc-5b8e-426e-990d-f7c755780482Service Requirements 3.4A specification that will allow users' web browsers to automatically understand web sites' privacy practices. Privacy policies will be embedded in the code of a web site. Browsers will read the policy, and then, automatically provide certain information to specific sites based on the preferences set by the users. For instance, if the site is an e-commerce site, the browser will automatically provide shipping info. If the site is requesting demographic info, then the browser will know to provide it anonymously. The P3P specification was developed by the W3C P3P Syntax, Harmonization, and Protocol Working Groups, including W3C Member organizations and experts in the field of web privacy. P3P is based on W3C specifications that have already been established, including HTTP, XML and Resource Description Framework (RDF). Privacy is policy that deals with the degree to which an individual can determine which personal information is to be shared with whom and for what purpose.Privacy - Liberty AllianceDeliver and support a federated network identity solution for the Internet that enables single signon for consumers as well as business users in an open, federated way _9176660f-f5cc-404e-86dc-974bfbbba9ebService Requirements 3.5The Liberty Alliance Project is an alliance formed to deliver and support a federated network identity solution for the Internet that enables single signon for consumers as well as business users in an open, federated way. A federated network identity model will enable every business or user to manage their own data, and ensure that the use of critical personal information is managed and distributed by the appropriate parties, rather than a central authority. Privacy is policy that deals with the degree to which an individual can determine which personal information is to be shared with whom and for what purpose.Service TransportDefine the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications_cc1d1810-1652-49a1-981d-dea4394d630bService Transport 1These consist of the protocols that define the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications.Transport Control Protocol (TCP)Provide transport functions, which ensures that the total amount of bytes sent is received correctly at the destination_454ee37f-d294-446e-a88d-96eed2aa982cService Transport 1.1TCP provides transport functions, which ensures that the total amount of bytes sent is received correctly at the destination.Internet Protocol (IP)Accept packets from TCP, adds a header and deliver a "datagram" to the data link layer protocol_fa86e051-712c-4ce8-9cd3-038d28892800Service Transport 1.2This is the protocol of the Internet and has become the global standard for communications. IP accepts packets from TCP, adds its own header and delivers a "datagram" to the data link layer protocol. It may also break the packet into fragments to support the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the network.Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)Connect to servers on the World Wide Web_ded7c8cd-186a-4eee-97f9-29a4a8e7b5c1Service Transport 1.3The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is to establish a connection with a web server and transmit HTML pages to the client browser.Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)Access a secure web server_234783e9-3c64-4300-8b51-3ad243809525Service Transport 1.4The protocol for accessing a secure web server. Using HTTPS in the URL instead of HTTP directs the message to a secure port number rather than the default web port number of 80. The session is then managed by a security protocol.Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)Empower users of digital mobile phones, pagers, personal digital assistants and other wireless devices to securely access and interact with Internet/intranet/extranet content, applications, and services_c93c2a90-0769-4dd9-aca1-06922743b770Service Transport 1.5The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open, global specification that empowers users of digital mobile phones, pagers, personal digital assistants and other wireless devices to securely access and interact with Internet/intranet/extranet content, applications, and services.File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Transfer files over a TCP/IP network_fbdb6d99-1ff7-4fb4-9ddc-6bfd59b60a63Service Transport 1.6A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTML pages for a Web site on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the Web server using FTP.IP Security (IPSEC)Secure IP packet exchange_cc436115-5685-4600-8007-efa8e29c4002Service Transport 1.7A set of protocols used to secure IP packet exchange. Tunnel and Transport are the two (2) modes supported by IPSEC. IPSEC uses certificates and Public Keys to authenticate and validate the sender and receiver.Supporting Network ServicesDefine the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications_8aa63008-c7e1-455b-99a3-0dad9c7fa068Service Transport 2These consist of the protocols that define the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications.Internet Message Access Protocol / Post Office Protocol (IMAP / POP3)Allow a client to access and manipulate electronic mail messages on a server and/or permit manipulation of remote message folders, called "mailboxes", in a way that is functionally equivalent to local mailboxes._e3f76d76-fb2e-4de2-bbcc-e7e16636e51aService Transport 2.1IMAP allows a client to access and manipulate electronic mail messages on a server. IMAP permits manipulation of remote message folders, called "mailboxes", in a way that is functionally equivalent to local mailboxes. IMAP also provides the capability for an offline client to resynchronize with the server. POP3 is the most commonly used protocol for retrieving email from a mail host.Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)Allow non-U.S. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) textual messages, non textual messages, multipart message bodies, and non US ASCII information in message headers_028b0631-800d-4eb9-bdfd-dc78c9bf668bService Transport 2.2MIME extends the format of Internet mail to allow non-U.S. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) textual messages, non textual messages, multipart message bodies, and non USASCII information in message headers. MIME support allows compliant email clients and servers to accurately communicate embedded information to internal and external users.Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Facilitate transfer of electronic mail messages_80d8524d-4b4a-41a1-8fe4-db2f227b86f1Service Transport 2.3SMTP facilitates transfer of electronic mail messages. It specifies how two systems are to interact, and the messages format used to control the transfer of electronic mail.Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP)Allow new service extensions to SMTP to be defined and registered with Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)_d0cd8a70-a141-4804-9117-75d38419ce0eService Transport 2.4ESMTP allows new service extensions to SMTP to be defined and registered with Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).T.120Provide support for real-time, multipoint data communications_174d16ba-181d-4b6d-b990-7545628456bfService Transport 2.5T.120, an International Telecommunications Union (ITU) standard, contains a series of communication and application protocols and services that provide support for real-time, multipoint data communications. These multipoint facilities are important building blocks for collaborative applications, including desktop data conferencing, and multi-user applications.H.323Address Video (Audiovisual) communication on Local Area Networks_4405453c-508a-424a-94b0-0b441e2dd2bdService Transport 2.6H.323, an International Telecommunications Union (ITU) standard, addresses Video (Audiovisual) communication on Local Area Networks, including Corporate Intranets and packet switched networks generally.Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)Eliminate security vulnerabilities_f473b401-9185-4811-a5da-272620c12e1bService Transport 2.7SNMP eliminates several of thesecurity vulnerabilities in earlier version.Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)An information model and a protocol for querying and manipulating it_03a09555-fb5d-47cb-bf8c-b2729fb72fc8Service Transport 2.8LDAP is a subset of X.500 designed to run directly over the TCP/IP stack. LDAP is, like X.500, both an information model and a protocol for querying and manipulating it. LDAPv3 is an update developed in the IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force), which address the limitations found during deployment of the previous version of LDAP.Directory Services (X.500)Discover and identify resources on a network and make them accessible to users and applications_7b7ece75-0814-482f-bda8-fe6386df93dbService Transport 2.9This is a network service that discovers and identifies resources on a network and makes them accessible to users and applications. The resources include users, email addresses, computers, mapped drives, shared folders, and peripherals such as printers and PDA docking stations. Users and computers access these resources without the needing to know how or where the resources are connected.Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)Assign dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network_2981724e-2ee0-44c2-82cd-a3d23810ba7fService Transport 2.10A protocol for assigning dynamic I Paddresses to devices on a network. A device can receive a different IP address for every connection. Dynamic addressing provides reduced network administration over deploying and connecting user and peripheral devices.Domain Name System (DNS)Translate domain names to their respective IP addresses_5f2cf4b7-8c7d-425a-85a8-b54f64fde8f1Service Transport 2.11A protocol used for translating domain names (i.e.www.feapmo.gov) to their respective IP addresses. DNS is collectively a network of devices which store query results. As one DNS server or device cannot provide the translated IP address, it queries other DNS devices. This process is invisible to the user.Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)Exchange routing information between routers on a network, enabling more efficient routing of data_e97302a3-5fe6-46b4-88f4-7303f7265cb3Service Transport 2.12Refers to a routing protocol used to exchang erouting information between routers on a network, enabling more efficient routing of data .BGP is part of RFC 1771.X.400Email message addressing and transporting_7a08c969-3691-41d9-8620-f0f716c14309Service Transport 2.13An ISO and ITU standard for email message addressing and transporting. X.400 supports Ethernet, X.25, TCP/IP and dialup transport methods.DatabaseA collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data_719e7dc1-ce2b-4d3b-b47f-e7d87d8aeefcDatabase / Storage 1Refers to a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. A database management system (DBMS) is a software application providing management, administration, performance, and analysis tools for databases.Database 2 (DB2)Provide an open database environment that runs on a wide variety of computing platforms_7a4d6f53-d35e-4303-96ec-8bad7d2bb40eDatabase / Storage 1.1DB2 is a family of relational database products offered by IBM. DB2 provides an open database environment that runs on a wide variety of computingplatforms.OracleSupport the SQL language_a15f4464-8bd3-4e04-8f44-22cf0b07552bDatabase / Storage 1.2Relational database product; the first to support the SQL language.SQL ServerManage data with a server product developed by Microsoft_08cc0d21-3797-4018-9f6f-6c7a9d752cf2Database / Storage 1.3Data management server product developed by Microsoft.SybaseManage and synchronize data with server products developed by Sybase_ae7159f3-2f6e-45a7-99e0-972cf8bac5c1Database / Storage 1.4Data management and synchronization server products developed by Sybase.StorageProvide shared storage access across a network_b3acdd91-edf0-45c0-9c88-abaa1ee5ab85Database / Storage 2Storage devices are designed to provide shared storage access across a network. These devices provide extended storage capabilities to the network with reduced costs compared to traditional file servers.Network Attached Storage (NAS)A NAS device is a server that is dedicated to nothing more than file sharing_afbd30b0-31aa-4333-a5c5-3f8b4cfea57bDatabase / Storage 2.1A NAS device is a server that is dedicated to nothing more than file sharing.Storage Area Network (SAN)A machine that contains nothing but a disk or disks for storing data_d42f46f3-80d8-47a3-b0dd-1638a428e7c4Database / Storage 2.2A SAN is a high-speed sub network of shared storag edevices. A storage device is a machine that contains nothing but a disk or disks for storing data.Application ServersA separate computer (application server) performs the business logic, although some part may still be handled by the user's machine_c3892aeb-c942-4e1a-b305-9bfb4307041cDelivery Servers 1In a three-tier environment, a separate computer (application server) performs the business logic, although some part may still be handled by the user's machine. After the Web exploded in the mid 1990s, application servers became Web based.None specified_d5a1172c-8034-4119-80fc-9fb3f92ba710Delivery Servers 1.1Media ServersProvide optimized management of media-based files such as audio and video streams and digital images_e4b03fba-876d-4dfd-99b6-cc2b9fde8b6aDelivery Servers 2Provide optimized management of media-based files such as audio and video streams and digital images.Windows Media ServicesDeliver streaming media and dynamic digital content over intranet and internet delivery channels_5cbad1e7-fac7-4d44-a264-004299fc5908Delivery Servers 2.2Part of Windows Server (2000 and .Net) optimized to deliver streaming media and dynamic digital content over intranet and internet delivery channels.Real AudioStreaming media server solution designed to supply desktop and mobile content_6080b484-915e-4c4f-8fb3-5e7a8f499285Delivery Servers 2.1Streaming media server solution designed to supply desktop and mobile content.Portal ServersProvide integration and single-source corporate information_9015c22b-70fd-482f-8b90-f0073c004b7dDelivery Servers 3Portals represent focus points for interaction, providing integration and single-source corporate information.None specified_d5ace9d9-4e70-4df7-ba00-98b9fb87db01Delivery Servers 3.1Web ServersA computer that provides World Wide Web services on the Internet_9e0f213f-ea35-458a-b305-10021508474aDelivery Servers 4A computer that provides World Wide Web services on the Internet. It includes the hardware, operating system, Web server software, TCP/IP protocols and the Web site content (Web pages). If the Web server is used internally and not by the public, it may be known as an “intranet server.”Internet Information ServerWeb server software from Microsoft that runs under Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Microsoft.Net_3227bc41-c055-440d-a880-e9cfaebb128bDelivery Servers 4.2Web server software from Microsoft that runs under Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Microsoft.Net. It supports Netscape's SSL security protocol and turns an NT based PC into a web site. Microsoft's Web browser, Internet Explorer, is also included.ApacheA widely used public domain, UNIX based web server_987084d6-7ada-458b-bca9-b719b20efd9bDelivery Servers 4.1A widely used public domain, UNIX based web server from the Apache Group (www.apache.org). It is based on, and is a plug-in replacement for, NCSA's HTTP server Version 1.3. The name came from a body of existing code and many "patch files."Embedded Technology DevicesVarious devices and parts that make up a Server or Computer as well as devices that perform specific functionality outside of a Server or Computer_3db853ee-aa10-4cb2-8b19-a437a005aeafHardware / Infrastructure 1[T]his refers to the various devices and parts that make up a Server or Computer as well as devices that perform specific functionality outside of a Server or Computer.Random Access Memory (RAM)Access computer memory randomly_470b4abc-06e2-4648-b60f-87b323188cc7Hardware / Infrastructure 1.1A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.Hard Disk DriveStore data on a computer_48d9e52f-0f61-4aa5-a7b9-0bd079cfc5e4Hardware / Infrastructure 1.2Refers to the area of a computer that where data is stored.MicroprocessorA CPU_d8a9a7f4-89aa-4a14-81a1-ac0d4e95be22Hardware / Infrastructure 1.3A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor.Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)An assembly of disk drives that employ two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance_6ba8c17f-b583-472b-a92f-1766ae447c47Hardware / Infrastructure 1.4An assembly of disk drives that employ two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance. RAID disk drives are used frequently on servers but aren't generally necessary for personal computers. RAID is generally configured as mirrored or striped. Mirrored RAID (Level 1) provides a failover drive. Striped RAID (Levels 0, 3, and 5) write data across multiple disk drives so that a single disk failure can be recovered from the data on the remaining drives. There are three (3) types of RAID systems: failure resistant disk systems (that protect against data loss due to disk failure), failure tolerant disk systems (that protect against loss of data access due to failure of any single component), and disaster tolerant disk systems (that consist of two or more independent zones, either of which provides access to stored data).Local Area Network (LAN)A network that interconnects devices over a geographically small area_a1c6f657-9486-4498-9445-8174a89e6abaHardware / Infrastructure 2A network that interconnects devices over a geographically small area, typically in one building or a part of a building. The most popular LAN type is Ethernet. LANs allow the sharing of resources and the exchange of both video and data.EthernetUse a bus or star topology and support data transfer rates of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) or 1 Gbps (gigabit Ethernet)_7143e7e3-92d7-4319-998b-0d77b903c86eHardware / Infrastructure 2.1Local Area Network (LAN) architecture that uses a bus or star topology an dsupports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) or 1 Gbps (gigabi tEthernet). The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard ,which specifies the physical and lower software layers. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards.Token RingA type of computer network in which all the computers are arranged (schematically) in a circle_ab77f15d-6ab1-4953-8c9a-312403722bbaHardware / Infrastructure 2.2A type of computer network in which all the computers are arranged (schematically) in a circle. A token, which is a special bit pattern, travels around the circle. To send a message, a computer catches the token, attaches a message to it, and then lets it continue to travel around the network.Virtual LAN (VLAN)A network of computers that behave as if they are connected to the same wire even though they may actually be physically located on different segments of a LAN_1886544a-be78-4cb9-b222-ff5b73acea24Hardware / Infrastructure 2.3Short for virtual LAN, a network of computers that behave as if they are connected to the same wire even though they may actually be physically located on different segments of a LAN. VLANs are configured through software rather than hardware, which make them extremely flexible. One of the biggest advantages of VLANs is that when a computer is physically moved to another location, it can stay on the same VLAN without any hardware reconfiguration.Network Devices / StandardsA group of stations (computers, telephones, or other devices) connected by communications facilities for exchanging information_118cee28-6ffc-44d2-a91b-6d6ce86f9423Hardware / Infrastructure 3A group of stations (computers, telephones, or other devices) connected by communications facilities for exchanging information. Connection can be permanent, via cable, or temporary, through telephone or other communications links. The transmission medium can be physical (i.e. fiber optic cable) or wireless (i.e. satellite).HubConnect segments of a LAN_fe4b8690-77bc-4044-b716-e07891459a6eHardware / Infrastructure 3.1A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.SwitchFilter and forward packets between LAN segments_744589de-1292-445e-8cdc-9a5b8d7abaa7Hardware / Infrastructure 3.2In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.RouterFind the best route between any two networks, even if there are several networks to traverse_a5983528-fde7-4e19-b667-2a28a5f1e99aHardware / Infrastructure 3.3A device or setup that finds the best route between any two networks, even if there are several networks to traverse. Like bridges, remote sites can be connected using routers over dedicated or switched lines to create WANs.Network Interface Card (NIC)Connect a computer to a network_14424624-a3b1-4a1c-bf55-2f5fd57fcaa9Hardware / Infrastructure 3.4Often abbreviated as NIC, an expansion board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media, although some can serve multiple networks.TransceiversTransmit and receive analog or digital signals_3b7c880a-97f4-4b45-a632-d40ad8cb2d3dHardware / Infrastructure 3.5Short for transmitter receiver, a device that both transmits and receives analog or digital signals. The term is used most frequently to describe the Component in local area networks (LANs) that actually applies signals onto the network wire and detects signals passing through the wire. For many LANs, the transceiver is built into the network interface card (NIC). Some types of networks, however, require an external transceiver.GatewayPoints of entrance to and exit from a communications network_d7470ee5-b2c8-4f05-9e63-abdb35bb0ad4Hardware / Infrastructure 3.6Gateways are points of entrance to and exit from a communications network. Viewed as a physical entity, a gateway is that node that translates between two otherwise incompatible networks or network segments.Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Allow data to betransmitted simultaneously across the world using end to end connectivity via digital phone connections_5a4d08e1-769a-4539-b629-2bd9bda465acHardware / Infrastructure 3.7ISDN is a system of digital phone connections which has been available for over a decade. This system allows data to betransmitted simultaneously across the world using end to end digital connectivity.T1/T3Deliver 1.544 of 45 Mbps of voice or data_d7a2ee9f-126d-4fd4-ad11-c8accf9185f7Hardware / Infrastructure 3.8T1 service delivers 1.544 Mbps. Typically channel into 24 DS0s, each capable of carrying a single voice conversation or data stream. The European T1 or E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbps. A T3 circuit communicates at 45 Mbps, or 28 T1 lines.Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)All types of digital subscriber lines_ee268667-15a9-4eea-ba97-cacdd945e5c6Hardware / Infrastructure 3.9Refers collectively to all types of digital subscriber lines, the two main categories being ADSL and SDSL. Two other types of DSL technologies are High data rate DSL (HDSL) and Very high DSL (VDSL).FirewallPrevent unauthorized access to or from a private network_9f5bc539-af14-4342-83bc-59fdcae5ad45Hardware / Infrastructure 3.10This refers to the network device that is designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. There are several types of firewall techniques and firewalls may implement one or more simultaneously. Packet filtering inspects inbound and outbound packets, validating against defined business rules. Application gateways apply security rules against applications. Circuit level gateways apply security rules against physical connection attempts to and from the network. Proxy servers mask the internal requestor by inspecting and augmenting the packet header. Four common architectures of firewalls include the packet filtering router, the screened host firewall system, the dual homed host firewall, and the screened subnet firewall (with a DMZ), which is one of the most secure implementations.PeripheralsComputer devices that are not part of the essential computer_2fe94068-0ac4-4d15-ab06-4831f7d888b2Hardware / Infrastructure 4Computer devices that are not part of the essential computer (i.e. the memory and microprocessor). Peripheral devices can be external and internal.PrinterPrint text or illustrations on paper_4a95b070-3ace-4ad6-b536-e8d563512158Hardware / Infrastructure 4.1Devices that print text or illustrations on paper. There are many different types of printers.ScannerRead text or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use_745fef6c-d0f3-4299-8c0b-81248c657737Hardware / Infrastructure 4.2Device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use. A scanner works by digitizing an image dividing it into a grid of boxes and representing each box with either a zero or a one, depending on whether the box is filled in.Servers / ComputersVarious types of programmable machines which are capable of responding to sets of instructions and executing programs_4b8e5118-abba-4b1d-a935-b29e5c01a4d6Hardware / Infrastructure 5This refers to the various types of programmable machines which are capable of responding to sets of instructions and executing programs.Enterprise ServerManage network resources and shared applications for multiple users_56432ee5-26b3-4484-b74e-74c079a0df40Hardware / Infrastructure 5.1A computer or device on a network that manages network resources and shared applications for multiple users.MainframeSupport hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously_43e99dab-92b1-4d00-b6f1-0b04f1d88df0Hardware / Infrastructure 5.2A very large computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. Mainframes support simultaneous programs.Video ConferencingCommunication across long distances with video and audio contact that may also include graphics and data exchange_c59631b8-d9ad-463f-9dc8-df13d9a35b87Hardware / Infrastructure 6Communication across long distances with video and audio contact that may also include graphics and data exchange. Digital video transmission systems typically consist of camera, codec (coder-decoder), network access equipment, network, and audio system.BridgeConnect three or more conference sites so that they can simultaneously pass data, voice, or video_06748c26-b28b-409d-a727-6d3a9e2b8968Hardware / Infrastructure 6.1A bridge connects three or more conference sites so that they can simultaneously pass data, voice, or video. Video conferencing bridges are often called MCUs (multipoint conferencing units).CODECConvert analog video signals from a video camera to digital signals for transmission over digital circuits, and then convert the digital signals back to analog signals for display_6bb75c1b-ae16-4763-8f6e-0abd1dcbc900Hardware / Infrastructure 6.2A video codec converts analog video signals from a video camera to digitalsignals for transmission over digital circuits, and then converts the digital signals back toanalog signals for display.ReceiverEenable a particular videoconference signal to be separated from all others being received by an earth station, and convert the signal format into a format for video, voice or data_dbe5865e-6987-4e0a-9c7a-2f119456d361Hardware / Infrastructure 6.3An electronic device which enables a particular videoconference signal to be separated from all others being received by an earth station, and converts the signal format into a format for video, voice or data.Wide Area Network (WAN)A data network typically extending a LAN outside a building or beyond a campus_2615a8e8-5220-46cc-8511-e7168e484d30Hardware / Infrastructure 7A data network typically extending a LAN outside a building or beyond a campus. Typically created by using bridges or routers to connect geographically separated LANs. WANs include commercial or educational dial-up networks such as CompuServe, InterNet and BITNET.Frame RelayConnect devices on a Wide Area Network (WAN)_6b6cf869-8707-4c0e-a55f-e390eb81af54Hardware / Infrastructure 7.1A packet switching protocol for connecting devices on a Wide Area Network (WAN). Frame Relay networks in the U.S. support data transfer rates at T1 (1.544 Mbps) and T3 (45 Mbps) speeds.Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)Packet switching and transmission integrating multiple data types (voice, video, and data)_3e51eae1-5a81-4bb0-8d07-dca6abdf15b3Hardware / Infrastructure 7.2A high bandwidth, high speed, controlled delay, fixed size packet switching and transmission system integrating multiple data types (voice, video, and data). Uses fixed size packets also known as "cells" (ATM is often referred to as "cell relay").Integrated Development Environment (IDE)Hardware, software and supporting services that facilitate the development of software applications and systems_d73f3122-9149-4b21-8e85-deb500ecabeeSoftware Engineering 1This consists of the hardware, software and supporting services that facilitate the development of software applications and systems.Web Sphere StudioBuild Java, web, and web services applications_d667473a-84c5-4c03-baa9-3cd03d4786e0Software Engineering 1.1Integrated Java (J2EE) environment for programmers building Java, web, and web services applications – and the successor to IBM Visual Age.Visual StudioProvide the tools for analyzing and modeling all aspects of an application before a single component is built so that developers can design efficient architectures and reduce time to market_7918b7f8-bdf5-409c-8f3e-164d9d3ffeedSoftware Engineering 1.2A complete development system providing the tools for analyzing and modeling all aspects of an application before a single component is built so that developers can design efficient architectures and reduce time to market. Developers can choose the programming language they know best and the language that is best suited to the solution, including Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual C , Visual J , and Visual FoxPro. Visual Studio is used to build scalable, data driven Web sites and applications.Visual Studio.NetRapidly build and integrate XML web services, Microsoft Windows–based applications, and web solutions_f0138e29-00ea-4f41-8093-8db471704e14Software Engineering 1.3A comprehensive tool set for rapidly building and integrating XML web services, Microsoft Windows–based applications, and web solutions. This is the successor to Visual Studio.ModelingRepresent entities, data, business logic, and capabilities for aiding in software engineering_674f8047-e7e3-4afe-ad4f-0f34ef38310dSoftware Engineering 2The process of representing entities, data, business logic, and capabilities for aiding in software engineering.Unified Modeling Language (UML)Specify and visualize complex software, especially large, object-oriented projects_90067a96-b21f-48f8-b79d-c63952fd39fcSoftware Engineering 2.1A general-purpose notational language for specifying and visualizing complex software, especially large, object-oriented projects.Case ManagementProvide a development environment for programming teams_504461f5-453f-4d09-a8ca-0301f5cbcb8dSoftware Engineering 2.2Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) software that provides a development environment for programming teams. CASE systems offer tools to automate, manage and simplify the development process.Software Configuration ManagementAll aspects of software development from design to delivery specifically focused on the control of all work products and artifacts generated during the development process_5d86ca8d-d29a-4d59-b0df-c3fbb623534bSoftware Engineering 3Applicable to all aspects of software development from design to delivery specifically focused on the control of all work products and artifacts generated during the development process. Several solutions on the market provide the integration of the software configuration management functions.Version ManagementTrack and control versions of files_e20bb790-4b85-42e3-a601-eba11972e350Software Engineering 3.1Refers to tracking and controlling versions of files. Version Management includes capabilities such as labeling, branching, merging, version content comparisons, and security and permission management across version controlled projects.Defect TrackingIdentify, assign, and manage discovered defects within an application, product or solution_42f12b43-fb4a-4b0d-942f-a719a525cf98Software Engineering 3.2Refers to the identification, assignment, and management of discovered defects within an application, product or solution. Defect tracking tools provide searchable defect data to identify urgent and related defects or bugs. The architecture should be built to facilitate the pushing of software patches across the enterprise.Issue ManagementManage business, technical, and infrastructure issues throughout the entire lifecycle of a project_99e69b17-7405-416a-ba54-4b59c77673d4Software Engineering 3.3Refers to the management of business, technical, and infrastructure issues throughout the entire lifecycle of a project.Task ManagementTransform requirements, testing, and issues assignments into prioritized tasks_eddf7760-6631-4893-8edb-284d215171cbSoftware Engineering 3.4Requirements, testing, and issues assignments are transformed into prioritized tasks. Task Management tools provide automation features for managing, delivering, assigning, reminding, and collaborating task management and execution.Change ManagementManage application code and content changes across the software development lifecycles_331fe933-77c2-492d-8620-e3c90c209f37Software Engineering 3.5Refers to the management of application code and content changes across the software development lifecycles.Deployment ManagementDeliver software to remote networked desktops, servers, and mobile devices across an enterprise_d9a77bf5-298c-47f8-9d31-c83af40aa904Software Engineering 3.6Refers to the capability of software delivery to remotene tworked desktops, servers, and mobile devices across an enterprise. Deploymen tautomation tools provide centralized and accelerated delivery of applications to users vi apush technologies, eliminating the need for manual installation and configuration.Requirements Management and TraceabilityDiscover,capture, store and disseminate information_e2d8c913-2577-4402-babe-27b608a04924Software Engineering 3.7Consists of information discovery,capture, storage and dissemination. Requirements management reduces software development costs and associated risks through documenting, measuring, and analyzing deviations to project requirements. Traceability refers to tracking requirements artifacts to their source, and changes in requirements to include the impact analysis of the change. Requirements traceability is an integral component in quality software implementation and the management of document succession.Test ManagementAll testing activities and results_4f0a56cb-e9d2-4bf3-94fb-bdfed68e25e2Software Engineering 4The consolidation of all testing activities and results. Test Management activities include test planning, designing (test cases), execution, reporting, code coverage, and heuristic and harness development.Functional TestingTest any requirements that can be traced directly to use cases (or business functions), business rules, and design_1b9db1b7-c983-4d49-9ac7-a1b61bc010d8Software Engineering 4.1This type of test focuses on any requirements that can be traceddirectly to use cases (or business functions), business rules, and design.Business Cycle TestingEmulate activities performed over a period of time that is relevant to the application under test_f9cf5498-b187-4d89-a67b-f3ab01886f77Software Engineering 4.2Refers to the emulation of activities performed over a period of time that is relevant to the application under test.Usability Testing (508 Testing)Test to ensure that the application navigation, functionality, and GUI allow a user to effectively and efficiently do their work in a way that they are satisfied with the application_15f29c46-f848-44c8-938e-3fac3b6e6892Software Engineering 4.3Refers to a test to ensure that the application navigation, functionality, and GUI allow a user to effectively and efficiently do their work in a way that they are satisfied with the application.Performance ProfilingMeasure and evaluate response times and transaction rates_93a3ec55-b6e1-44cf-a432-151841754529Software Engineering 4.4Refers to a performance test that measures and evaluates response times and transaction rates.Load/Stress/Volume TestingMeasure and evaluate how a system performs and functions under varying workloads, large amounts of data and/or resource utilization_360c6a74-f118-4dc4-8ace-19e1cff5cfa2Software Engineering 4.5Refers to tests that measure and evaluate how a system performs and functions under varying workloads, large amounts of data and/or resource utilization.Security and Access Control TestingTest the technical, administrative and physical security controls that have been designed into the system architecture in order to provide confidentiality, integrity and availability_8cd0ef2c-5b75-4a9d-9634-0eb732d8b030Software Engineering 4.6Focuses on the technical, administrative and physical security controls that have been designed into the system architecture in order to provide confidentiality, integrity and availability.Reliability TestingVerify that failover methods are invoked properly and the system recovers properly_55d32a4b-d55b-4827-ba58-119068ea7f0cSoftware Engineering 4.7Refers to the verification that failover methods are invoked properly and the system recovers properly.Configuration TestingTest to ensure that the application or system canhandle all hardware and software variables and requirements that have been defined_9e519ae2-f32c-4c2f-9826-ad9d55aabde5Software Engineering 4.8Refers to a test to ensure that the application or system can handle all hardware and software variables and requirements that have been defined.Installation TestingVerify that the software installation process works properly in different environments and among varying conditions_f6bba9e7-d30d-4d1a-ab12-06e871b3b736Software Engineering 4.9Refers to the verification that the software installation process works properly in different environments and among varying conditions.Platform DependentProgramming languages and methods for developing software on a specific operating system or platform_dddc3bd8-004f-4c8b-b237-2a2be43c7989Supporting Platforms 1Consists of the programming languages and methods for developing software on a specific operating system or platform.Windows 2000Look like Windows 95/98 but add considerably more features,dialogs and options_5e7fc93c-94cf-47d1-9b75-237698220447Supporting Platforms 1.1Also known as "Win2K" and "W2K," it is a major upgrade to Windows NT 4. Launched in February 2000, Windows 2000 comes in one client and three server versions. Windows 2000 looks like Windows 95/98, but adds considerably more features,dialogs and options.Windows.NetSupport a wide range of languages but primarily tied to the Microsoft Windows operating system and Intel hardware_a761589c-b848-46dc-9ef8-19e7ab4f0d8fSupporting Platforms 1.2Microsoft’s .Net and Sun’s J2EE are the two dominant distribute dcomputing architecture frameworks. .Net supports a wide range of languages but is primarily tied to the Microsoft Windows operating system and Intel hardware.Mac OS XUNIX based operating system based on industry standards_cf2c831a-f9e2-4cf6-b558-d5917bcc18b6Supporting Platforms 1.3Mac OS X is Apple's UNIX based operating system based on industry standards. Launched in March 2001, OS X has advanced built-in security functions and complete interoperability with both Internet standards and Microsoft products.Platform IndependentProgramming languages that are able to execute and run on any platform or operating system_2c1fa4b9-f8ca-442c-ad4a-5e78d21aacd4Supporting Platforms 2Defines the programming languages that are able to execute and run on any platform or operating system.Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE)Provide portability of a single language (Java) over multiple operating systems and hardware platforms_0e341e83-2bea-4a39-8a98-9201d14c44e8Supporting Platforms 2.1Sun’s J2EE and Microsoft’s .Net are th etwo dominant distributed computing architecture frameworks. J2EE provides portability o fa single language (Java) over multiple operating systems and hardware platforms.LinuxAn open source operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms_52eff15a-476f-41d7-a725-10ddc45dd0afSupporting Platforms 2.2Linux is an open source operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms. With the ability to run on many platforms, including the PC and Macintosh, Linux has become an alternative to proprietary systems.Wireless / MobileRadio transmission via the airwaves_9449b247-d970-432d-ad10-e34e075c1474Supporting Platforms 3Radio transmission via the airwaves. Various communications techniques are used to provide wireless transmission including infrared line of sight, cellular, microwave, satellite, packet radio and spread spectrum.Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)A relatively portable environment for those using Java_82f667aa-5209-4493-b26e-2ba0380ccc13Supporting Platforms 3.1Sun’s Java environment for devices. It promises a relatively portable environment for those using Java for other tiers of the architecture.Platform DependentProgramming languages and methods for developing software on a specific operating system or platform_ccd73375-306e-4b79-a1d4-14d0512b7209Business Logic 1Consists of the programming languages and methods for developing software on a specific operating system or platform.Visual BasicDevelop Windows applications_c1b5ed7d-4d39-4574-ba86-c7af48e4b5b0Business Logic 1.1A version of the BASIC programming language from Microsoft specialized for developing Windows applications.Visual Basic .Net (VB.Net)Develop Windows applications within Microsoft’s.NET environment_029f22f7-484b-4788-b0ef-2227bb4d7057Business Logic 1.2A version of the BASIC programming language from Microsoft specialized for developing Windows applications that is used within Microsoft’s .NET environment.C-Sharp (C#)Object-oriented programming based on C with elements from Visual Basic and Java_5eb45dd0-16a0-4572-913d-7a36e0164458Business Logic 1.3An object-oriented programming language from Microsoft that is basedon C with elements from Visual Basic and Java.Scripting in a subset of Visual Basic for use on the web for both client processing within a web page and server side processing in Active Server Pages (ASPs)_cc68d8f8-fde6-4b72-9c30-355378c0fd15Business Logic 1.4A scripting language from Microsoft. A subset of Visual Basic, VBScript iswidely used on the web for both client processing within a web page and server sideprocessing in Active Server Pages (ASPs).Platform IndependentSoftware languages that are able to execute and run on any type of operating system or platform_e86be500-1594-4ca5-8034-559b5482add5Business Logic 2Consists of all software languages that are able to execute and run on any type of operating system or platform.Enterprise Java Beans (EJB)Provide a pure Java environment for developing and running distributed applications_60b0649d-75b3-4da4-b3b3-c59ae425dd48Business Logic 2.1A software component in Sun's J2EE platform, which provides a pure Java environment for developing and running distributed applications.C, CAn object-oriented version of C that has been widely used to develop enterprise and commercial applications_1c8c4673-a384-4ef9-b6ed-2c613c040f72Business Logic 2.2C is a procedure programming language. C is an object-oriented version of C that has been widely used to develop enterprise and commercial applications.JavaScriptRun a scripting language within a web browser_439e4cf4-184d-4e88-ab7e-7e250b48a4e7Business Logic 2.3A scripting language that runs within a web browser.Java Servlet (JSR 53)Reuse web components in portals_55168ec8-f22c-4944-af2f-165bd97f7985Business Logic 2.4Java Servlets provide reusable web components that can be incorporated into portals.Java Portlet API (JSR 168)Enable interoperability between Portlets and Portals_7364f1a4-4924-4a59-a9bc-c4d8050bbb12Business Logic 2.5Java Portlet API enables interoperability between Portlets and Portals by defining APIs that address the areas of aggregation, personalization, presentation and security.Web Services for Remote Portals (WSRP)Allow the plug and play of visual, user facing web services with portals or other intermediary web applications_fa12daef-e1bb-43c2-b327-8326e3383aa3Business Logic 2.6WSRP defines an XML and web services standard that will allow the plug and play of visual, user facing web services with portals or other intermediary web applications.Data ExchangeSend data over a communications network and define data communicated from one application to another_fa6d3ee1-0435-4717-899a-2bad63f2964aData Interchange 1Data Exchange is concerned with the sending of data over a communications network and the definition of data communicated from one application to another. Data Exchange provides the communications common denominator between disparate systems.XMIEnable easy interchange of metadata between modeling tools (based on the OMG UML) and metadata repositories (OMG MOF based) in distributed heterogeneous environments_9e8992be-f5c1-4ce6-9e4e-9221e70b57f8Data Interchange 1.1Enables easy interchange of metadata between modeling tools (based on theOMG UML) and metadata repositories (OMG MOF based) in distributed heterogeneous environments. XMI integrates three key industry standards: XML, UML, and MOF. The integration of these three standards into XMI marries the best of OMG and W3C metadata and modeling technologies, allowing developers of distributed systems to share object models and other metadata over the Internet.XQueryProcess and evaluate XML data_29a2fb25-6f9e-4c17-ba1e-8b11fbea883dData Interchange 1.2A language used for processing and evaluating XML data. The XQuery language provides results of expressions allowing the use of evaluations to the implementation of XQuery.Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)Provide HTTP/XML based remote procedure call capabilities for XML Web Services_f698d5dc-15b5-43b5-89d4-d1e61bde13acData Interchange 1.3SOAP provides HTTP/XML based remote procedure call capabilities for XML Web Services.Electronic Business using XML (eb-XML)Enable enterprises to conduct business over the Internet: exchanging business messages, conducting trading relationships, communicating data in common terms and defining and registering business processes_70f41800-14eb-40fc-8130-cea5ec2f9ffcData Interchange 1.4A modular suite of specifications that enables enterprises to conduct business over the Internet: exchanging business messages, conducting trading relationships, communicating data in common terms and defining and registering business processes.Resource Description Framework (RDF)Provide a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the web_f0029d01-8c48-4394-abbd-1d9002a294cfData Interchange 1.5RDF provides a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the web. It integrates a variety of web-based metadata activities including sitemaps, content ratings, stream channel definitions, search engine data collection (web crawling), digital library collections, and distributed authoring, using XML as interchange syntax. RDF is the foundation for the Semantic Web envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee – an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, to better enable computers and people to work in cooperation.Web Services User Interface (WSUI)Use a simple schema for describing a WSUI "component" that can be used in a portal to call backend SOAP and XML services_05cbb6c3-aa0d-4728-8901-5d5f03e7679bData Interchange 1.6WSUI uses a simple schema for describing a WSUI "component" that can be used in a portal to call backend SOAP and XML services. WSUI uses XSLT style sheets to construct user facing views to enable users to interact with the services.Database ConnectivityConnect an application to a data store or data base_551746a4-3577-4b88-a3ff-bdb3cedd1ca5Data Management 1Defines the protocol or method in which an application connects to a data store or data base.Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)Provide access to virtually any tabular data source from the Java programming language_35adbbc8-a05c-4edb-a099-3e4e64920041Data Management 1.1JDBC provides access to virtually any tabular data source from the Java programming language. It provides cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases, and other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files.Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)Provide a common language for Windows applications to access databases on a network_2f0451c2-1b37-401d-aa5f-b6c370f272aeData Management 1.2A database programming interface from Microsoft that provides a common language for Windows applications to access databases on a network. ODBC is made up of the function calls programmers write into their applications and the ODBC drivers themselves.Active Data Objects (ADO)Provide an interface to OLE DB_279ceb16-dba9-4b7c-84ee-c923b807d666Data Management 1.3A programming interface from Microsoft that is designed as "the" Microsoft standard for data access. First used with Internet Information Server, ADO is a set of COM objects that provides an interface to OLE DB. The three primary objects are Connection, Command and Record set.Active Data Objects .Net (ADO.Net)Provide an extensive set of classes that facilitate efficient access to data from a large variety of sources, enable sophisticated manipulation and sorting of data_306c6516-429a-4632-b340-16202b59c464Data Management 1.4ADO.Net is the data access component of th eMicrosoft’s .NET Framework. It provides an extensive set of classes that facilitat eefficient access to data from a large variety of sources, enable sophisticated manipulatio nand sorting of data.Object Linking and Embedding/Database (OLE/DB)Provide connections to different data sources_8cf39c4b-a1cb-4d09-89b1-d0fe579616b7Data Management 1.5A Microsoft low-level API designed to provide connections to different data sources. OLE/DB allowed connectivity to ODBC-based SQL providers/sources as well as other formats such as text and comma delimited.Data Access Objects (DAO)Access Microsoft Jet engine data sources such as Microsoft Office based applications_670b256e-841f-40b5-a653-6527c478c916Data Management 1.6DAO is the Microsoft library for accessing Microsoft Jet engine data sources such as Microsoft Office based applications. DAO is replaced by ADO and ADO.Net.DB2 ConnectorAccess DB2 sources_2d66667d-2226-47af-8604-b2fd83f21501Data Management 1.7An IBM connectivity API to access DB2 sources.Reporting and AnalysisTools, languages and protocols used to extract data from a data store and process it into useful information_2128a122-6960-4f8a-a5d0-0b0b19178b12Data Management 2Consist of the tools, languages and protocols used to extract data from a data store and process it into useful information.Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)Use XML-based data tags to describe financial statements for both public and private companies_859f7875-4cb0-4075-948e-864c9c0e420dData Management 2.1Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL is an open specification which uses XML-based data tags to describe financial statements for both public and private companies.Java Online Analytical Processing (JOLAP)Support the creation and maintenance of OLAP data and metadata, in a vendor independent manner_1426a0dd-7094-4be3-8aff-5ac65adc729cData Management 2.2JOLAP is a Java API for the J2EE environment that supports the creation and maintenance of OLAP data and metadata, in a vendor independent manner.Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)Allow the user to quickly analyze information that has been summarized into multidimensional views and hierarchies_7a40766f-45ae-4423-84b4-748ce2e9e181Data Management 2.3Decision support software that allows the user to quickly analyze information that has been summarized into multidimensional views an dhierarchies.XML for AnalysisUse the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to let Web browser based programs access backend data sources for data analysis_87f0356c-8716-4020-9327-c5659c2dc459Data Management 2.4XML for Analysis uses the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to let Web browser based programs access backend data sources for data analysis. The specification allows companies to build online analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining applications that work over the web.Content RenderingSoftware and protocols used for transforming data for presentation in a graphical user interface_afee3ec7-e0dc-495d-a063-cef6723a16c4Presentation / Interface 1This defines the software and protocols used for transforming data for presentation in a graphical user interface.Dynamic HTML (DHTML)Allow web pages that are more animated and more responsive to user interaction than previous versions of HTML_de5017b3-2f57-4995-9587-a92a3cff013ePresentation / Interface 1.1A collective term for a combination of new Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) tags and options, style sheets, and programming that will allow web pages that are more animated and more responsive to user interaction than previous versions of HTML.Extensible HTML (XHTML)The next generation of HTML_7365f3c0-918e-4aef-9ee0-dec5d5e34d88Presentation / Interface 1.2The W3C’s recommendation for the next generation of [text missing]Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)Format HTML documents_d6b2c7a9-b3a6-4168-bed6-260c4e4a8c42Presentation / Interface 1.3A style sheet format for HTML documents endorsed by the World Wide Web Consortium. CSS1 (Version 1.0) provides hundreds of layout settings that can be applied to all the subsequent HTML pages that are downloaded.Extensible 3D Graphics (X3D)Real-time 3D computer graphics_dcbfe802-f338-4231-a11a-b2347fe404fbPresentation / Interface 1.4The ISO standard for real-time 3D computer graphics which features the ability to encode a scene in an XML syntax.Dynamic / Server-Side DisplaySoftware that is used to create graphical user interfaces with the ability to change while the program is running_e210565c-0814-4a84-9571-1c6c28134206Presentation / Interface 2This consists of the software that is used to create graphical user interfaces with the ability to change while the program is running.Java Server Pages (JSP)Present dynamically generated web content_04e625ef-2658-46d1-86de-726bb4cbdd52Presentation / Interface 2.1JSP is part of Sun’s J2EE architecture and provide template capabilities for presenting dynamically generated web content. ASPs are text files written in a combination of standard HTML tags, JSP tags, and Java code.Active Server Pages (ASP)Allow for the creation of dynamic, interactive sessions with the user_81be25cb-fa4e-4214-ab2b-c84af5fa1a7cPresentation / Interface 2.2A web server technology from Microsoft that allows for thecreation of dynamic, interactive sessions with the user.Active Server Pages .Net (ASP.Net)Build web applications and XML web services_85ad953d-7946-422c-a7d6-86200d7ccff9Presentation / Interface 2.3ASP.NET is a set of technologies in the Microsoft.NET Framework for building web applications and XML web services. ASP.NET pages execute on the server and generate markup such as HTML, WML or XML that is sent to a desktop or mobile browser.Static DisplaySoftware protocols that are used to create a pre-defined, unchanging graphical interface between the user and the software_c4dfd669-d5e2-4e46-bbae-703f5404e288Presentation / Interface 3Static Display consists of the software protocols that are used to create a pre-defined, unchanging graphical interface between the user and the software.Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)Create web documents_f4062fd2-6224-4857-a9e9-1f2b358e0965Presentation / Interface 3.1The language used to create web documents and a subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)Portable Document Framework (PDF/A, /X)Represent two dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent format_5985ce17-d667-401d-9bc2-6f329e1e370cAn open standard file format for representing two dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent format.Wireless / Mobile / VoiceSoftware and protocols used for wireless and voice-enabled presentation devices_54ac035c-7d4e-427a-b792-5241958458a2Presentation / Interface 4Consists of the software and protocols used for wireless and voice-enabled presentation devices.Wireless Markup Language (WML)A protocol for wireless devices_06ea2c7b-a724-463d-b2e3-fbc0f28c2752Presentation / Interface 4.1An XML-based protocol designed for Wireless devices.XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTMLMP)Extend XHTML Basic with modules, elements and attributes to provide a richer authoring language_63dff234-44fa-4568-89a4-c2039ddac4d7Presentation / Interface 4.2XHTMLMP is designed for resource-constrained web clients that do not support the full set of XHTML features, such as mobile phones, PDAs, pagers and set top boxes. It extends XHTML Basic with modules, elements and attributes to provide a richer authoring language. XHTML replaces the Wireless Markup Language (WML).Voice XML (VXML)An XML vocabulary for specifying IVR (Integrated Voice Response) Systems_77e19679-1c6b-4dc6-91e9-68a9a128144fPresentation / Interface 4.3VXML is an XML vocabulary for specifying IVR (Integrated Voice Response) Systems.Certificates / Digital SignatureSoftware used by a certification authority (CA) to issue digital certificates and secure access to information_bb98b276-8525-47dd-bca6-beff227d141cSecurity 1Software used by a certification authority (CA) to issue digital certificates and secure access to information.Digital Certificate AuthenticationControl access to network and internet resources through managing user identification_f44eb340-a75f-428f-9881-7701e3e567dfSecurity 1.1Authentication implementation for controlling access to network and internet resources through managing user identification. An electronic document, digital certificate, is issued and used to prove identity and public key ownership over the network or internet.FIPS 186Specify a digital signature algorithm (DSA) appropriate for applications requiring a digital, rather than written, signature_8b3f7e83-b721-49aa-a013-69c8ab641f32Security 1.2The Digital Signature Standard (DSS) specifies a digital signature algorithm (DSA) appropriate for applications requiring a digital, rather than written, signature. The DSA authenticates the integrity of the signed data and the identity of the signatory. The DSA may also be used to prove that data was actually signed by the generator of the signature. Additional references: Draft ANSI X9.30199x Part 1 and ISO/IECJTC1/SC27/WG2, Project 1.27.08 Digital Signature with Appendix.Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)Secure data communications across computer networks_5d4fcc41-1925-4c4c-806d-8566c6e27f79Security 1.3An open, nonproprietary protocol for securing dat acommunications across computer networks. SSL is sandwiched between the applicatio nprotocol (such as HTTP, Telnet, FTP, and NNTP) and the connection protocol (such a sTCP/IP, UDP). SSL provides server authentication, message integrity, data encryption ,and optional client authentication for TCP/IP connections.Supporting Security ServicesProtocols and components to be used in addition to certificates and digital signatures_0c02152b-288d-45bd-b77a-cfc7d3807e8aSecurity 2These consist of the different protocols and components to be used in addition to certificates and digital signatures.Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)Provide a consistent way to send and receive secure MIME data_3a4e5417-c6f7-40b4-ab19-337dba0678c0Security 2.1Provides a consistent way to send and receive secure MIME data. Based on the Internet MIME standard, S/MIME provides cryptographic security services for electronic messaging applications: authentication, message integrity and nonrepudiation of origin (using digital signatures) and data confidentiality (using encryption). S/MIME is not restricted to mail; it can beused with any transport mechanism that transports MIME data, such as HTTP.Transport Layer Security (TLS)Provide communications privacy over the Internet_e5a6ccc1-a337-47f8-95be-0ce60d6d5075Security 2.2Standard for the next generation SSL. TLS provides communications privacy over the Internet. The protocol allows client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery.Web Services Security (WS Security)Provide message integrity, message confidentiality, and single message authentication_f51a9b9e-2982-4e35-96c6-907151bbd9bbSecurity 2.3Describes enhancements to SOAP messaging to provide message integrity, message confidentiality, and single message authentication. These mechanisms can be used to accommodate a wide variety of security models and encryption technologies including X.509, Kerberos, and SAML.Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)Exchange security information expressed in the form of assertions about subjects_4755255c-01a4-4d59-9c54-0b2e7d233e09Security 2.4An XML-based framework for exchanging security information expressed in the form of assertions about subjects, where a subject is an entity (either human or computer) that has an identity in some security domain. SAML is expected to play a key role in the federal-wide E-Authentication initiative, and is supported by both the Liberty Alliance and WS Security.Simple Key Management Protocol (SKIP)Handle key management across IP networks and VPNs_74534ee9-21d0-4187-947c-b5a7da86dd46Security 2.5A protocol developed by Sun Microsystems to handle key management across IP networks and VPNs.(http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/rfc/rfc2356.txt)Secure Shell (SSH)Perform client authentication_e0c05424-a785-47f0-83c1-6dc7bb2d709dSecurity 2.6A strong method of performing client authentication. Because it supports authentication, compression, confidentiality and integrity, SSH is used frequently on the Internet. SSH has two important Components, RSA certificate exchange for authentication and Triple DES for session encryption.Enterprise Application IntegrationProcesses and tools specializing in updating and consolidating applications and data within an enterprise_941acbd1-0f78-49cb-abd2-8083f887eef5Integration 1Refers to the processes and tools specializing in updating and consolidating applications and data within an enterprise. EAI focuses on leveraging existing legacy applications and data sources so that enterprises can add and migrate to current technologies.Business Process ManagementDefinition and management of cross application business processes across the enterprise and/or between enterprises_a01c8827-4c26-4d18-a501-6d214b0a8308Integration 1.1This process is responsible for the definition and management of cross application business processes across the enterprise and/or between enterprises.Application ConnectivityProvide reusable, noninvasive connectivity with packaged software_21b95c1c-521d-4267-ab75-234b348ba580Integration 1.2This process provides reusable, noninvasive connectivity with packaged software. This connectivity is provided by uni- or bidirectional adapters.Transformation and FormattingConversion of data, message content, information structure, and syntax to reconcile differences in data amongst multiple systems and data sources_af937268-53c5-4eb8-8f05-ece70bf9673eIntegration 1.3This process is responsible for the conversion of data, message content, information structure, and syntax to reconcile differences in data amongst multiple systems and data sources.MiddlewareLink or “glue” two otherwise separate applications_8a8650ec-ca6b-42f5-a0f8-a0b9049acd6eIntegration 2Middleware increases the flexibility, interoperability, and portability of existing infrastructure by linking or “gluing” two otherwise separate applications.Remote Procedure Call (RPC)Allow a program on a client computer to invoke a program on a server computer_80a9db5e-f623-49e7-90b9-d8c0b2f41001Integration 2.1RPC is a protocol allowing a program on a client computer to invoke a program on a server computer.Message Oriented Middleware (MOM): IBM WebSphere MQProvide APIs, queue management, message routing, automatic failover, and workload balancing_8791f491-cce1-41d4-a5da-ade07ac609d8Integration 2.2Software solution providing APIs, queue management, message routing, automatic failover, and workload balancing. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is software residing in both sides of the client/server architecture providing support for asynchronous calls, or messages, between applications. Message queues are used to track and store requests waiting for execution by the source application. Messaging allows otherwise complex programming and networking details to be abstracted from the developer.Message Oriented Middleware (MOM): Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ)Provide synchronous and asynchronous message queuing, routing, and security_34a44b5b-ab8c-4c7e-9171-1377ed8c210bIntegration 2.3Software technology providing synchronous and asynchronous message queuing, routing, and security. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is software residing in both sides of the client/server architecture providing support for asynchronous calls, or messages, between applications. Message queues are used to track and store requests waiting for execution by the source application. Messaging allows otherwise complex programming and networking details to be abstracted from the developer.Database Access - PL/SQLProvide access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment_5264807d-eb11-417c-a138-abcc29a7a45bIntegration 2.4Oracle's procedural extension to industry standard SQL. Database Access provides access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment. Database Access is provided through the use of native database Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), client side APIs, or server side database gateways.Database Access: ISQL/wProvide access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment_52e0c14a-21b8-4f87-824f-08eb8f8be13fIntegration 2.5Microsoft's implementation of ANSI SQL. Database Access provides access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment. Database Access is provided through the use of native database Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), client side APIs, or server side database gateways.Database Access: OPEN ANSI SQL/92) (MSMQ)Promote the portability and interoperability of database application programs and facilitates maintenance of database systems across heterogeneous data processing environments_8ed9b4d5-c4db-49f4-a200-2a874cc03ff1Integration 2.6SQL is the information processing industry standard language of relational database management systems (RDMS). ANSIX3.1351992 (also referred to as SQL92 and ANSI SQL) is the industry standard for Database Language SQL. This standard promotes the portability and interoperability of database application programs and facilitates maintenance of database systems across heterogeneous data processing environments. SQL92 provides a standardized way for embedding SQL statements into application development languages. Database Access provides access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment. Database Access is provided through the use of native database Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), client side APIs, or server side database gateways.Database Access: NET8Offer transparent connection from client tools to the database, or from one database to another_253f9379-a9ff-45c5-83ef-122641e1fc8cIntegration 2.7NET8 (called SQL*NET prior to Oracle8) is Oracle'sclient/server middleware product that offers transparent connection from client tools to the database, or from one database to another. SQL*Net/ Net8 works across multiple network protocols and operating systems. Previous versions referred to as SQL*Net.Database Access provides access to and across multiple database technologies in a distributed environment. Database Access is provided through the use of native database APIs, client side APIs, or server side database gateways.Transaction Processing MonitorProvide synchronous messaging and queuing along with other transaction management services designed to support the efficient processing of high volumes of transactions_c4d609ad-1133-4010-83a4-bbe4d293a10cIntegration 2.8Software providing synchronous messaging and queuing along with other transaction management services designed to support the efficient processing of high volumes of transactions. Core services include load balancing, rollback/commit, and recovery. Transaction Processing provides cost-effective scalability to applications and database systems by managing and throttling transactionson behalf of the database system.Object Request Broker (ORB): Common Object Request Broker Architecture(CORBA)Enable objects to communicate with one another regardless of what programming language they were written in or what operating system they're running on_72560212-bb55-4a0d-bfc2-f13a6a08edb9Integration 2.9An architecture that enables objects to communicate with one another regardless of what programming language they were written in or what operating system they're running on. Object Request Broker (ORB) is a technology enabling distributed objects to communicate and exchange data with remote objects. ORB encapsulates the locality and implementation of the objects, allowing users to develop applications that leverage components by accessing the Components interface.Object Request Broker (ORB): Component Object Model (COM)Design and build component-based applications_731944a7-2f2e-40b6-9cf7-d4a0e35645e4Integration 2.10A software architecture created by Microsoft to design and build component-based applications. COM object capabilities are accessible from exposed interfaces. Object Request Broker (ORB) is a technology enabling distributed objects to communicate and exchange data with remote objects. ORB encapsulates the locality and implementation of the objects, allowing users to develop applications that leverage Components by accessing the Components interface.Object Request Broker (ORB): Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)Allow COM components tocommunicate across network boundaries_9aea86b2-f02e-4c6d-a3ed-06dfc9fa6fa3Integration 2.11An extension of the Component Object Model (COM) that allows COM components to communicate across network boundaries. Traditional COM components can only perform inter-process communication across process boundaries on the same machine. Object Request Broker (ORB) is a technology enabling distributed objects to communicate and exchange data with remote objects. ORB encapsulates the locality and implementation of the objects, allowing users to develop applications that leverage components by accessing the components interface.Object Request Broker (ORB): Component Object Model (COM )Provide a runtime and services that are readily used from any programming language or tool, and enables extensive interoperability between Components regardless of how they were implemented_866b2fc5-c286-4ea4-9196-5ba9ab858adcIntegration 2.12COM is an extension of the COM that provides a runtime and services that are readily used from any programming language or tool, and enables extensive interoperability between Components regardless of how they were implemented. Object Request Broker (ORB) is a technology enabling distributed objects to communicate and exchange data with remote objects. ORB encapsulates the locality and implementation of the objects, allowing users to develop applications that leverage components by accessing the components interface.Service Description / InterfacePublish the way in which web services or applications can be used_335704b2-0cb0-4051-bb24-c3318968b0d5Interface 1Defines the method for publishing the way in which web services or applications can be used.APIApplication Program Interface_f196833f-2679-4dad-aa0c-cab7b824b2a0Interface 1.1WSDLWeb Services Description Language_30ba0d3c-b3e0-437f-8474-ac9e52f39b42Interface 1.2Service DiscoveryThe method in which applications, systems or web services are registered and discovered_f8213532-371d-4fea-89d5-8e919c42360fInterface 2Defines the method in which applications, systems or web services are registered and discovered.UDDIUniversal Description, Discovery, and Integration_634bcf36-94a2-4c1e-a662-b6f9ed2a3172Interface 2.1Data Format / ClassificationDefine the structure of a file_a1e33042-b25b-406e-a37e-cd85815e622eInteroperability 1Defines the structure of a file. There are hundreds of formats, and every application has many different variations (database, word processing, graphics, executable program, etc.). Each format defines its own layout of the data. The file format for text is the simplest.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Define the structure for transferring data between enterprises_ab83040b-6365-4483-8dc5-6d46840d22a9Interoperability 1.1Defines the structure for transferring data between enterprises. EDI is used mainly used for purchase related information. ANSI X.12 refers to the approved EDI standards.Extensible Markup Language (XML)The standard format for web data and a common data format at all levels of the architecture_36fc6540-aee2-4c30-bed4-bbd4889bfeb3Interoperability 1.2XML has emerged as the standard format for web data, and is beginning to be used as a common data format at all levels of the architecture. Many specialized vocabularies of XML are being developed to supportspecific Government and Industry functions.NamespacesQualified references to URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) resources within XML documents_a0a7a40b-d1a7-4178-a60f-3edaf53241d8Interoperability 1.3Namespaces are qualified references to URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) resources within XML documents.XML Linking Language (XLINK)Modify XML documents to include links, similar to hyperlinks, between resources_f2c2ffe9-96e1-4524-9da9-98e100fa2ce0Interoperability 1.4A language used to modify XML documents to include links, similar to hyperlinks, between resources. XLINK provides richer XML content through advanced linking integration with information resources.Data TransformationThe protocols and languages that change the presentation of data within a graphical user interface or application_bc5a2ea8-74fd-4554-9b8d-229e82d0609cInteroperability 2Data Transformation consists of the protocols and languages that change the presentation of data within a graphical user interface or application.Extensible Style sheet Language Transform (XSLT)Transform XML documents from one schema into another_0d6d85ea-dec6-49f4-88b9-8208a2d308b0Interoperability 2.1Transforms XML document from one schema into another. Used for data transformation between systems using different XML schema, or mapping XML to different output devices.Data Types / ValidationIdentify and affirm common structures and processing rules_99f96578-9338-4c59-9f9e-31be4206a957Interoperability 3Refers to specifications used in identifying and affirming common structures and processing rules. This technique is referenced and abstracted from the content document or source data.Document Type Definition (DTD)Restrict and maintain the conformance of an XML, HTML, or SGML document_a099c739-9796-41e9-bc9a-2298166ed840Interoperability 3.1DTD is used to restrict and maintain the conformance of an XML, HTML, or SGML document. The DTD provides definitions for all tags and attributes within the document and the rules for their usage. Alterations to the document are validated with the referenced DTD.XML Schema (XSD)Define the structure, content, rules and vocabulary of an XML document_ab5c9c4f-3eb8-48b3-8269-bd410429ba49Interoperability 3.2XML Schemas define the structure, content, rules and vocabulary of an XML document. XML Schemas are useful in automation through embedding processing rules.2007-10-012010-08-30http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/egov/documents/FEA_CRM_v23_Final_Oct_2007.pdfOwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net